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Christopher Wenger
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CONNECTED is a six-level General English course taking young adult/adult learners from Beginner to Advanced levels (CEFR: A1 to C1). • Get motivated through frequent personalization of target language points, personal learning paths, and self-assessment of progress toward your goals. • Maximize your classroom time learning English with lexical support in your first language and logs for you to record and build on the language you want to use. • Join community with the Connected online an online community for you ¡Es una marcathe de agua para la versión de prueba, conviértete en platform, VIP para obtener la versión completa!
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CONNECTED-SB4-COVER-200430.indd 105
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Level 4
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Christopher Wenger
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Christopher Wenger
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Director of Product Marketing: Brian Romeo Managing Editor: Karen Clevidence Copyright © 2020 Green Mountain Education All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of Green Mountain Education, including, but not limited to, network storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Original edition published in 2015 as Connected B2 Student Book by Knowledge Transmission Ltd. Adapted with permission. For rights/permissions inquiries, please contact: Green Mountain Education 762 Mount Pleasant St. Saint Johnsbury, VT 05819 USA [emailprotected] For sales/distribution inquiries, please contact: Green Mountain Education Basilio Badillo #820 Col. La Huerta Guadalajara, Jalisco 44370 Mexico [emailprotected] Cover design: Jesus Manuel Beltran Quintero Interior design: Linda Punskovsky Page layout: Jesus Manuel Beltran Quintero Credits and permissions are listed on the inside back cover and are considered a continuation of the copyright page. Series information and instructor/learner support materials available at: www.greenmountaineducation.com/Connected ISBN: 978-164763-011-9 Printed in Mexico 1 2 3 4 5 — 24 23 22 21 20
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TABLE OF CONTENTS SCOPE & SEQUENCE..........................................................................................................................................ii TO THE STUDENT................................................................................................................................................. vi UNIT 1
MEMORABLE MOMENTS........................................................................................... 1
UNIT 2
MY BRIGHT FUTURE..................................................................................................... 11
UNIT 3
GREAT ACHIEVEMENTS........................................................................................... 21
UNIT 4 EXCUSES................................................................................................................................ 31 UNIT 5 FRUSTRATIONS................................................................................................................ 41 UNITS 1–5
REVIEW, ASSESSMENT, CONNECT & EXTEND.................................... 51
UNIT 6
NO REGRETS.....................................................................................................................53
UNIT 7
SOMETHING CAME UP............................................................................................63
UNIT 8
WHICH ONE DO YOU MEAN?..............................................................................73
UNIT 9
DO YOU REMEMBER?................................................................................................83
UNIT 10
A CHANGING WORLD...............................................................................................93
UNITS 6–10
REVIEW, ASSESSMENT, CONNECT & EXTEND.................................103
UNIT 11
MY PATH..............................................................................................................................105
UNIT 12
OUT OF CHARACTER................................................................................................ 115
UNIT 13
PART OF THE TEAM................................................................................................... 125
UNIT 14
I WOULDN'T HAVE DONE THAT...................................................................... 135
UNIT 15
HE SAID HE'D MEET US......................................................................................... 145
UNITS 11–15 REVIEW, ASSESSMENT, CONNECT & EXTEND................................. 155 UNIT 16
TRAVEL INFORMATION...........................................................................................157
UNIT 17
LISTEN CAREFULLY....................................................................................................167
UNIT 18
GETTING THINGS DONE........................................................................................177
UNIT 19
WHAT WILL YOU BE DOING?.............................................................................187
UNIT 20
BY THE TIME I'M 70......................................................................................................197
UNITS 16–20 REVIEW, ASSESSMENT, CONNECT & EXTEND.................................207
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SCOPE & SEQUENCE VOCABULARY
1
MEMORABLE MOMENTS
Embarrassing moments
READING
A happy accident
VOCABULARY
2
3
MY BRIGHT FUTURE
GREAT ACHIEVEMENTS
Positive attributes Future aspirations
People talking about the careers they want
VOCABULARY
CONVERSATION
Great human achievements
Chores
READING
Excuses, excuses…
VOCABULARY
FRUSTRATIONS
Chatting about what brings life happiness
Which degree is right for you?
VOCABULARY
5
CONVERSATION
LISTENING
READING
EXCUSES
LISTENING
People discussing embarrassing experiences
READING
Beautiful Barcelona
4
CONVERSATION
Telling a friend an interesting anecdote
Time-consuming tasks
READING
Overcoming problems
Discussing who invented the telephone
LISTENING
People talking about their favorite monument
PRONUNCIATION
Word stress for important details
SPEAKING
Discussing embarrassing moments and coincidences PRONUNCIATION
Vowel reduction
SPEAKING
Talking about future goals and plans PRONUNCIATION
Auxiliary verb reduction
SPEAKING
PRONUNCIATION
Giving excuses for not doing chores
Reduction of /h/ in haven’t / hasn’t
LISTENING
CONVERSATION
Talking about why someone is late
LISTENING
People describing their frustrations
WRITING
Writing about an embarrassing or funny moment GRAMMAR
Review of future tenses
WRITING
Writing about what your city will be like in the future GRAMMAR
Passive verbs in the present and past
WRITING
Talking about your Writing about a favorite monument or useful invention work of art
CONVERSATION
People talking about things they haven’t done
GRAMMAR
Present tense: Simple and continuous Past tense: Simple and continuous
SPEAKING
Making excuses for something that hasn’t been done PRONUNCIATION
Intonation of surprise
SPEAKING
Talking about what you’ve been trying to do or learn
GRAMMAR
Review of present perfect Present perfect passive WRITING
Writing about breaking a promise and making excuses GRAMMAR
Present perfect continuous
WRITING
Writing about your English practice
UNITS 1–5 REVIEW, ASSESS, CONNECT & EXTEND (RACE) ii
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SCOPE & SEQUENCE VOCABULARY
6
NO REGRETS
Regretful situations
READING
Better late than never
VOCABULARY
7
SOMETHING CAME UP
Plans or special occasions
READING
Be flexible
VOCABULARY
8
WHICH ONE DO YOU MEAN?
Descriptive details
READING
Buyer beware!
VOCABULARY
9
DO YOU REMEMBER?
Memories
READING
Waiting for love?
VOCABULARY
10
A CHANGING WORLD
Environmental and conservation issues
READING
Enough energy for everyone
CONVERSATION
Discussing what someone should or should not have done LISTENING
People expressing regrets and what they should’ve done CONVERSATION
Talking about disappointing events
PRONUNCIATION
Reduction of have in past modals
SPEAKING
Talking about regrets
PRONUNCIATION
Reduction of had in the past perfect
LISTENING
SPEAKING
People talking about plans that changed
Talking about a time when plans changed
CONVERSATION
PRONUNCIATION
Describing people and things in a café
Reduction of /t/
GRAMMAR
Past modals for speculating Past modals for expressing regrets WRITING
Writing about what you wish you had done differently GRAMMAR
Past perfect
WRITING
Writing about causing someone's plans to change GRAMMAR
Defining relative clauses with who, that, which
LISTENING
SPEAKING
WRITING
People talking about recent purchases
Describing something you bought
Writing a comparison of two items based on ads
CONVERSATION
PRONUNCIATION
GRAMMAR
Looking at old photos that bring back memories
LISTENING
People talking about cherished memories CONVERSATION
Arguing and teasing about climate change
LISTENING
People discussing environmental issues
Stressing content words
SPEAKING
Talking about a time or event that is special to you PRONUNCIATION
Pauses in nondefining relative clauses
SPEAKING
Talking about an environmental issue
Defining relative clauses with object pronouns: who, that, where WRITING
Writing about a special childhood place GRAMMAR
Non-defining relative clauses with who, which, where Adverbial clauses of cause with because, since, so WRITING
Writing about your city’s conservation efforts
UNITS 6–10 REVIEW, ASSESS, CONNECT & EXTEND (RACE) iii
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SCOPE & SEQUENCE VOCABULARY
11
MY PATH
Life events
READING
Follow your passion
VOCABULARY
12
OUT OF CHARACTER
Adventurous activities
READING
What are you afraid of? VOCABULARY
13
PART OF THE TEAM
Fundraising
READING
Crowdfunding
VOCABULARY
14
I WOULDN'T HAVE DONE THAT
Feelings and challenging situations
READING
How relaxing!
VOCABULARY
15
HE SAID HE'D MEET US
Business arrangements
READING
Where are my keys?
CONVERSATION
Talking to someone who got a new job
LISTENING
People talking about their journey to their current career CONVERSATION
Talking about being adventurous
PRONUNCIATION
Final /əl/
SPEAKING
Discussing your background PRONUNCIATION
Different ways to pronounce -ough
LISTENING
SPEAKING
People talking about how they conquered a fear
Talking about a time when you took a risk
CONVERSATION
Talking about organizing a fundraising event
LISTENING
People talking about events they are organizing CONVERSATION
An employee saying she wishes she had handled something differently
PRONUNCIATION
Changing syllable stress in different parts of speech
SPEAKING
Talking about organizing an event PRONUNCIATION
Reduction of would have and wouldn’t have
LISTENING
SPEAKING
People describing regrettable situations
Talking about wishing you had done something differently
CONVERSATION
Talking to an assistant about a business trip
PRONUNCIATION
Different word prominence carries different meanings
GRAMMAR
Adverbial clauses of time: after, before, when, since, while, whenever WRITING
Writing about a life event of a friend or family member GRAMMAR
Adverbial clauses of contrast: although, even though, though, while WRITING
Writing about your biggest fear GRAMMAR
Zero, first, and second conditional
WRITING
Writing about organizing a large event GRAMMAR
Third conditional
WRITING
Writing about how a person's words or actions affected you GRAMMAR
Review of direct speech Reported speech
LISTENING
SPEAKING
WRITING
People talking about plans they’ve made
Reporting what other people have said
Reporting what a friend told you about an event
UNITS 11–15 REVIEW, ASSESS, CONNECT & EXTEND (RACE) iv
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SCOPE & SEQUENCE VOCABULARY
16
TRAVEL INFORMATION
Travel-related activities
READING
17
LISTEN CAREFULLY
VOCABULARY
CONVERSATION
Describing qualities
VOCABULARY
Errands
READING
I can do it later
VOCABULARY
19
WHAT WILL YOU BE DOING?
Tasks and obligations
READING
How polite are you?
VOCABULARY
20
BY THE TIME I'M 70
LISTENING
People asking questions about an upcoming trip
READING
18
Talking to a concierge about travel arrangements
To tip or not to tip
Solving problems
GETTING THINGS DONE
CONVERSATION
Future aspirations
READING
Amazing profiles
Discussing a problem that needs to be resolved
LISTENING
People talking about how they resolved a problem CONVERSATION
Talking about a busy day running errands
PRONUNCIATION
y-glide between syllables or words
SPEAKING
Asking embedded questions about travel plans PRONUNCIATION
Silent /l/
SPEAKING
Talking about how you resolved a conflict PRONUNCIATION
Stress in causative verb phrases
LISTENING
SPEAKING
People talking about what they need to get done
Talking about things you need to get done this week
CONVERSATION
Talking about plans for the next day
PRONUNCIATION
Intonation to express displeasure
LISTENING
SPEAKING
People talking about what they will be doing
Talking about something you have to do soon
CONVERSATION
Talking about future aspirations
LISTENING
People talking about plans for the future
PRONUNCIATION
Words with a glottal stop /ʔ/
SPEAKING
Talking about your future aspirations
GRAMMAR
Embedded questions and statements
WRITING
Writing questions about visiting your country GRAMMAR
Adverbs of manner Comparative and superlative adverbs
WRITING
Writing about what you want to improve about yourself GRAMMAR
Causative verbs: get and have
WRITING
Writing about errands you did in the past week GRAMMAR
Future continuous
WRITING
Writing about what you will be doing in the future GRAMMAR
Future perfect
WRITING
Writing about what you will have done by this time next year
UNITS 16–20 REVIEW, ASSESS, CONNECT & EXTEND (RACE) v
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Welcome to the CONNECTED Community! My name is Christopher Wenger. I’m the author of CONNECTED. Like you, I’m a language learner. I have studied Spanish, French, Japanese, Korean, German, Portuguese, Tagalog, and American Sign Language. I want to study even more languages. I love languages. I know that learning a new language can sometimes be difficult. But it can also be very exciting. For me, these are the keys to learning a foreign language:
INPUT You need to read and listen to the language. You need useful vocabulary and expressions. You need to both learn and notice how the language is used. The more the better! In CONNECTED, you can find great language input in the Student Book and Workbook, as well as text, audio, and videos on the CONNECTED website.
PRACTICE You need to practice the language. Learn and practice vocabulary and grammar. Practice pronunciation. Practice the skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Many learners have studied English for years, but can’t speak it. CONNECTED gives you many chances to practice using new language in a clear, easy way.
PERSONALIZATION It is easier to learn a language when you can talk about things that are interesting to you or useful in reaching your goals. Whenever you see the icon in CONNECTED, this is a chance for you to give information about yourself or things that you are interested in. In the RACE units, the icon provides opportunities to practice language for academic situations, and the icon is for using language in workplace contexts.
MOTIVATION This is perhaps the most important tool for language learning. Understanding your own goals and checking your progress are essential to keeping you motivated in your language learning. The CONNECTED site provides Personal Path tools for you to assess yourself and opportunities to connect with me and with other learners using the series. To see this information in other languages, visit the CONNECTED site. www.greenmountaineducation.com/Connected Para ver esta información en otros idiomas, visite el sitio web de Connected. Para ver essas informações em outros idiomas, visite o site do Connected. 要以其他语言查看此信息，请访问Connected网站。 이 정보를 다른 언어로 보려면 Connected 웹 사이트를 방문하십시오. この情報を他の言語で表示するには、 Connected Webサイトにアクセスしてください。
vi
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UNIT
1
MEMORABLE MOMENTS
UNIT GOALS In this unit, you will practice the following: Vocabulary Embarrassing moments
Reading A happy accident
Conversation Telling a friend an interesting anecdote
Listening People discussing embarrassing experiences
Pronunciation Word stress for important details
Speaking Discussing embarrassing moments and coincidences
Grammar Present tense review: Simple and continuous Past tense review: Simple and continuous
Writing Writing about an embarrassing or funny moment 1
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Vocabulary | Embarrassing moments A|
Read. Make notes to understand the meanings. Then listen and practice. be caught singing and dancing in my car fall out of my pocket hear someone gossiping about a friend mistake a person for someone else phone rings in a quiet place realize something is in my teeth send an email to the wrong person set off an alarm accidentally spill something on my boss stomach growls trip and fall
B | Look at the pictures. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence. 1
I ____ on my shoelace before a big meeting at work. a set off an alarm b fall out of my pocket c trip and fall
2
Emiko covers her mouth because she ____. a mistakes her husband for her brother b realizes something is in her teeth c is caught dancing in her car
2 UNIT 1
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3
4
Jane is annoyed when Helen is caught ____. a singing and dancing in her car b tripping and falling c spilling milk on her sister
6
5
Ida writes an email to her boyfriend, but then she ____. a sets off an alarm accidentally b mistakes her uncle for her grandfather c sends it to the wrong person
7
Mr. Jones is at work when his ____. a phone rings b boss sets off an alarm c stomach growls
9
8
Nathan hears two co-workers ____. a gossip about his best friend b singing and dancing in their car c talking about him on the phone
10
I ____ because they both have short, black hair. a spill milk on my mother-in-law istake my boss for my bm secretary c s end an email to my boss by accident
D|
Tell a partner about things in A that you have or haven’t done. Your partner will say True or False.
The first day at my new job, I ____. a fall out of my pocket b hear people gossip about me c spill coffee on my boss
One time when I was on a date, I realized some popcorn was in my teeth.
Listen and practice saying the sentences in B.
Brenda is talking to her team when ____ because she forgot to turn it off. a her phone rings b her stomach growls c she trips and falls
11
We are cooking in the kitchen and ____. a s end an email to the wrong person b set off the fire alarm accidentally c fall out of my pocket
C|
He loses his key when it ____. a trips and falls b rings in a quiet place c falls out of his pocket
True.
MEMORABLE MOMENTS 3
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Conversation A|
Read and listen to the conversation.
Matt
Cathy, we’re standing in a really long line for this movie.
Cathy Matt
I know, and I hate long lines. They can be very embarrassing.
Last summer, I was waiting in a long line, and I was talking to my sister on my phone.
Cathy Matt
What do you mean?
I’m sure you were talking loudly as usual.
Cathy Matt
I don’t talk loudly.
You’re talking loudly now, Cathy.
Cathy Matt
Whatever! I was telling my sister about my mean boss, Mr. Powers.
Cathy Matt
Did you have a problem with him last summer? I was always in trouble with my boss last summer. He thought I talked too much.
You do talk a lot, Cathy. Matt, whatever! While I was talking to my sister, I got a text message. I looked at it, but I didn’t recognize the number.
Cathy Matt
What did the text message say? It said, “Turn around.”
Cathy Matt
Did you turn around?
Cathy Matt
Yes, I did. It was the worst moment of my life!
Why?
Cathy Matt
It was my boss! He was right behind me.
Cathy
You’re kidding! That’s hilarious. Whatever! I’m serious. Long lines can be embarrassing.
B | Read the sentences. Write T (true) or F (false). 1 ___ Cathy was talking to Matt on the phone. 2 ___ Cathy was talking about her boss on the phone. 3 ___ When Cathy was talking on the phone, she got a text message. 4 ___ Cathy's sister was standing behind her in line.
C | Practice the conversation with a partner. 4 UNIT 1
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Pronunciation | Word stress for important details A|
Listen. Notice the stress on the words in bold. Then practice.
I forgot to turn my phone off. She spilled coffee on her boss. I sent the email to my teacher by mistake. Then I realized something was in my teeth. She was right behind me when I was talking about her. I was in an important meeting when my stomach growled really loudly.
B | Find other examples of this type of stress. Practice.
Grammar | Present tense review: Simple and continuous A|
Read and listen to the grammar presentation. Simple present
Present continuous
I take a break every two hours.
I’m taking my break now.
You drive to work every day, don’t you?
You’re driving home now, right?
She goes out to dinner once a week.
She’s going out to dinner tonight.
He flies to New York once a month.
He’s flying out again tomorrow.
We meet for coffee every day.
We’re meeting for coffee in an hour.
They run in the park.
They’re running there now.
TIP fly flies go goes run running take taking
B | Choose the correct word(s) to complete the sentences. 1 We go / are going to the library tonight. 2 I am making / make good grades this semester. 3 He plays / is playing soccer every weekend. 4 You are tripping / trip and fall sometimes, right? 5 It rains / is raining hard tonight. 6 Look! Something is falling / falls out of your pocket.
MEMORABLE MOMENTS 5
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Past tense review: Simple and continuous
C|
Read and listen to the grammar presentation.
I was walking home when suddenly a dog ran up. You were swimming when you saw it? It was storming when the electricity went out. He called while we were studying. They were watching a movie when it happened.
D | Choose the correct word(s) to complete the sentences. 1 We were / was talking when the teacher walked in. 2 The doorbell ring / rang while he was eating dinner. 3 When I was meeting / met him, he was still living with his parents. 4 What were you doing when they stopped / were stopping by? 5 They were having / had coffee when they heard the news.
E|
Take turns asking and answering the questions with a partner.
1 Do you get embarrassed easily? Give an example.
I was sitting in a restaurant when this woman’s phone rang. She talked so loudly! I wasn’t able to enjoy my lunch.
2 Do you ever sing or dance when you’re alone? Give an example. 3 When is the last time you saw someone do something embarrassing? Give details. 4 When is the last time you heard someone’s phone ring at an inappropriate time? Give details.
6 UNIT 1
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Reading A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. article
just in case
bump
offer
covered
reception
crowded
subway
B | Read the article.
A happy accident A few years ago, I was riding to work on the subway. I was standing because the train was crowded. I was reading an article on my phone and drinking my coffee when someone bumped into me. I tripped and fell into a woman standing in front of me. I spilled my coffee all over her. I felt so bad. She was very nice about it, even though she was covered with coffee. I offered to pay to have her clothes cleaned or to buy her new ones. She said it wasn’t necessary, but I gave her my email address just in case she changed her mind. A few months later, I was at a wedding. At the reception, I was standing next to the bar waiting for a drink. Someone came up behind me and said, “Be careful with those drinks—this is a nice dress.” It was the same woman! We laughed and talked all night. We started dating that night. Now, we’re getting married next month!
C | Choose the correct answer. 1 What was the writer reading on his phone? a a book b an article 2 What made the writer trip? a someone bumped into him b the train stopped 3 Who spilled coffee? a the writer b the woman 4 Where did the man and woman meet again? a at work b at a wedding
MEMORABLE MOMENTS 7
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Listening A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. be fired
glare at
colleague
hand mirror
copied
main character
coughing fit
make a funny face
crawl
seaweed
expect
to her horror
B|
C|
Listen. Write the number of the description next to the correct picture. One is not used. a ______
b ______
c ______
d ______
Listen again. Choose the correct answers.
1 Keisha / Sam / Sally had a coughing fit at the movie theater. 2 Keisha / Sam / Sally got some seaweed stuck between her teeth. 3 Keisha / Sam / Sally emailed his boss by mistake.
8 UNIT 1
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Speaking Choose one of the topics. Prepare notes for your answer. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you prepare.
A|
Talk about an embarrassing situation you have been in.
OR
Talk about a funny or coincidental experience you have had.
EXPRESS YOURSELF!
Recently I got a text from my boyfriend, and I replied saying something intimate. I didn’t realize it, but it was a group text, so my reply went to everyone!
When I was taking French classes in France, I became friends with one of my classmates. Later, we realized we have a lot of the same friends back home. Small world!
The other day, I took my daughter to see a movie. All of a sudden, I realized that one of the actors was an old friend of mine from college!
Talk about your topic with a partner. Ask your partner questions to get more information.
B|
One time I was telling a colleague about someone I don’t like. Turns out, it was his cousin. I was so worried. But he just laughed because he doesn’t like him either.
Was your colleague offended?
Were you embarrassed?
Did your friend used to act back in college? MEMORABLE MOMENTS 9
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Writing A | Read the example. Answer the questions that follow. Tell a partner.
One time when my parents were out to dinner, it started raining, so my dad went to get the car and drove it to the door of the restaurant to pick up my mom. She rushed out of the restaurant so she wouldn’t get too wet and jumped in the front seat. You’ll never believe what happened next. When she turned to say something to my dad, it wasn’t my dad, but a complete stranger! My dad was in the car right behind, honking the horn. I wasn’t there that night, but it sounded pretty funny. We like to retell this story because it totally embarrasses my mom. Why did the writer’s dad go get the car?
•
What happened when the writer’s mom got in the car?
•
What’s a funny story like this that has happened to you or someone you know?
B|
Write about an embarrassing or funny moment that happened to someone you know. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you.
•
EXPRESS YOURSELF! me, /One day/One ti
Once my… brother was… cousins were… my friend was…
Guess… You’ll never believe … what happened next . I still… laugh when I think about it. remember the look on her face.
y __
ddenl He/She/They su that… realized found out discovered 10 UNIT 1
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UNIT
2
MY BRIGHT FUTURE
UNIT GOALS In this unit, you will practice the following: Vocabulary Positive attributes Future aspirations Conversation Chatting about what brings life happiness Pronunciation Vowel reduction Grammar Review of future tenses
Reading Which degree is right for you? Listening People talking about the careers they want Speaking Talking about future goals and plans Writing Writing about what your city will be like in the future 11
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Vocabulary | Positive attributes A|
Read. Make notes to understand the meanings. Then listen and practice. famous healthy satisfied successful wealthy
B | Look at the pictures. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence. 2
1
My cousin’s going to be wealthy / famous. She already makes a lot of money.
4
3
You’ll be healthy / successful if you eat fresh foods.
I’m going to be famous / satisfied because I love my work.
5
He will probably be satisfied / famous. I know I’ll be successful / healthy He already has a lot of fans. because I work hard every day.
C|
Listen and practice saying the sentences in B.
12 UNIT 2
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Future aspirations
D|
Read. Make notes to understand the meanings. Then listen and practice.
be a manager in a large company drive an expensive sports car exercise regularly give a lot of money to charity grow my own food have my own restaurant live a simple life maintain a healthy diet own a vacation home near the beach run my own business send my kids to a good university show my work in an art gallery spend most of my free time with my family volunteer in my community
E | Look at the pictures. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence. 1
I have a boss now, but someday I’ll run my own business / live a simple life / show my work in an art gallery.
4
He loves going fast, so he’ll probably maintain a healthy diet / drive an expensive sports car / send his kids to a good university.
2
3
Even when I’m wealthy, I’ll live a When I have more time, I will simple life / give a lot of money own a vacation home / be a to charity / grow my own food. manager / grow my own food.
5
She loves to be at home, so she will run a successful business / maintain a healthy diet / spend most of her time with her family.
6
I love to cook, so I’m going to have my own restaurant / live a simple life / own a vacation home. MY BRIGHT FUTURE 13
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7
8
I’m going to leave this big city, and then I’ll be a She’s a wonderful artist. She’s going to maintain a manager at a hospital / move to an even bigger healthy diet / show her work in an art gallery / city / live a simple life. exercise regularly soon.
9
10
I think school is very important, so I’ll volunteer in my community / send my kids to a good university / be a manager at a large hotel.
He is a great team leader, so I think he’ll probably exercise regularly / maintain a healthy diet / be a manager in a large company.
11
12
She knows that it is important to stay active, so I love the ocean, so I’m going to live a simple life / she’ll own a vacation home / exercise regularly / own a vacation home near the beach / run my grow her own food. own restaurant.
13
14
She enjoys eating well, so she’ll give a lot of money to charity / drive an expensive sports car / maintain a healthy diet when she is older.
They love the city parks, so they’re going to volunteer in their community / start their own restaurant / open a bank in their neighborhood.
Listen and practice saying the sentences in E.
G|
Which of the activities in D would you most like to do? Tell a partner.
I would love to own a vacation home near the beach. I love the sound of the ocean.
F|
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Conversation A|
Read and listen to the conversation. Maylin, hurry up. The movie starts in an hour.
Thomas
I’m working this evening, and I have no money to go to the movie! Someday I’ll be wealthy.
Maylin
When will you be satisfied with your life?
Thomas Maylin
I’ll be satisfied when I’m wealthy and successful.
Well, I’m satisfied now. I’m healthy and happy.
Thomas Maylin
That sounds boring. In five years, I’m going to be a manager in a large company.
Thomas Maylin
That sounds boring! Thomas, that is not boring. When I’m 25, I’m going to live in a big city like New York or London.
Thomas
When I’m 25, I’m going to live a simple life. I’m going to travel, have a vacation home on the beach, and a house in the city. I’m also going to drive an expensive sports car.
Maylin Thomas
I’m going to grow my own food and spend most of my free time with my family.
Maylin Thomas
Thomas, you’re not going to have any money!
After you buy all of those things, you won’t have any money either!
B | Choose the correct answers. 1 What starts in an hour? a The concert starts in an hour. b The movie starts in an hour. 2 What is Maylin going to be in five years? a She’s going to be a manager.
b She’s going to be a volunteer.
3 Who’s going to have a vacation home on the beach? a Maylin
b Thomas
C | Practice the conversation with a partner.
Pronunciation | Vowel reduction A|
Listen. Notice the pronunciation of the letters in bold. Then practice.
family
restaurant
volunteer
community
charity
company
manager
university
B | Find more words with reduced vowel sounds. Practice. MY BRIGHT FUTURE 15
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Grammar | Review of future tenses A|
Read and listen to the grammar presentation. Simple present for future The show starts at 7:00 pm.
TIP
The train leaves in ten minutes.
We use the… • simple present for scheduled events that are outside of our control. • present continuous for arrangements for the future that you have already thought about and discussed with someone else. • future with will for making predictions or sudden decisions about the future. • future with be going to for plans for the future that you have already thought about.
Present continuous for future We’re having pasta for dinner tonight. I’m meeting my mother at the airport tomorrow. Future with will Someday I’ll be a famous writer. I know my parents won’t let me go to the party. Future with be going to This weekend, we’re going to take a painting class. Are you going to play basketball after school?
B | Choose the correct word(s) to complete the sentences. 1 Tonight I study / am going to study for my English test. 2 The bus leaves / will leave in five minutes. We have to hurry! 3 Look at all the dark clouds! I think it is raining / will rain tonight. 4 I meet / am meeting my friends at the mall in a few minutes to go shopping. 5 The exam starts / will start at 10:00 am. Don’t be late! 6 John is going to travel / is traveling around the world for a few months after he graduates. 7 I have some free time tonight. Maybe I’ll call / I’m calling my grandparents.
C|
Complete the sentences. Then tell a partner. Your partner will ask follow-up questions.
1 This weekend I’m going to _____________
__________________________________ .
2 If I have free time today, I think I’ll________
__________________________________ .
3 My next ___________________________
starts _____________________________ .
4 After class today, I’m __________________
__________________________________ .
After class today, I’m going to the grocery store to pick up a few things. Are you making dinner at home tonight?
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Reading A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. accounting
farming
agricultural
livestock
application
management
beneficial
open house
business degree
policy
draft horse
sustainable
B | Read the article.
Which degree is right for you? Do you want to make more money? Do you want to start your own business? Check out Grand University’s business program. We have the best business program in the area. You will learn accounting, management, and other useful skills. Our two-year business degree will prepare you for your dream job. Eighty percent of our graduates find management jobs soon after they graduate. Come to our open house next month and find out if this degree is right for you!
Do you want to help the environment? Do you want to go to college but hate sitting in a classroom? The farming program at Organics College might be right for you. We teach students how to build and manage small farms that are sustainable and beneficial for the environment. We also teach about agricultural policy and local food systems. All students will work on our campus farm. They will learn about livestock, draft horses, and farming machines. Students will also be able to work in our dairy and visit other local farms. If you want a great degree that will help you make a difference, fill out an application today!
C | Read the sentences. Write T (true) or F (false). 1 ____ Grand University offers a great business degree. 2 ____ At Grand University, you will learn environmental policy. 3 ____ Grand University is offering a three-year business degree. 4 ____ Organics College teaches students how to manage farms. 5 ____ Organics College will teach you how to start your own business.
MY BRIGHT FUTURE 17
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Listening A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. diplomacy
organization
entrepreneur
perfect
gaming
raise funds
idealistic
the great outdoors
international relations
writing code
B|
a ______
b ______
c ______
d ______
Listen again. Who said it? Write the number of the speaker next to the correct sentence.
C|
Listen. Write the number of the speaker next to the correct picture. One is not used.
1 ___ I’m majoring in international relations. 2 ___ It’ll be the perfect career for me. 3 ___ I’m going to run my own company. 4 ___ I’m an idealistic person. 5 ___ It’s a new and exciting field. 6 ___ I have a lot of great ideas. 18 UNIT 2
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Speaking Choose one of the topics. Prepare notes for your answer. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you prepare.
A|
Talk about what a friend or family member wants to achieve in the future.
OR
Talk about how you picture your future.
EXPRESS YOURSELF! I picture myself married with children. I want to raise my children in an urban setting where they can take dance and music lessons and where we can go to cafés and restaurants.
My best friend wants to be a German teacher. This summer he is going to Germany to learn the language and get to know the culture better.
Next semester my sister starts graduate school. She’s going to continue her studies in Astronomy. She has always dreamed of being an astronomer.
Talk about your topic with a partner. Ask your partner questions to get more information.
B|
I see myself someday owning a piece of land and building a house on it. I’m going to grow my own vegetables, and I will have chickens and goats.
What will you grow?
How many children do you want to have?
Is he going to stay with a host family?
MY BRIGHT FUTURE 19
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Writing A | Read the example. Answer the questions that follow. Tell a partner.
In the future, I think my city will be even more crowded. The population is already growing, and I don’t see it stopping. I think people are going to ride bikes more. They will need to because there will be too many cars on the road. For the same reason, I think cars will be smaller. I think my city will also have more plug-in stations for electric cars. They’re already becoming more popular. And they are economical and help cut down on pollution. There might even be more rooftop gardens! Why does the writer think the city will be even more crowded?
•
What other forms of transportation does the writer think people will use?
•
What sorts of changes do you think there will be where you live?
B|
Write about what you think your city or neighborhood will be like in the future. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you.
•
EXPRESS YOURSELF!
city will… y m k in h t I n spaces. e e r g e r o have m he public improve t system. n io t a t r o transp ffordable a e r o m build housing.
because… there aren’t enough parks. there is already a traffic problem. apartments are too expensive right now .
e… ht even b rk. ig m e r e h T pa usement m a w e n a galleries. t r a e r o m market. ’s r e m r a af
20 UNIT 2
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UNIT
3
GREAT ACHIEVEMENTS
UNIT GOALS In this unit, you will practice the following: Vocabulary Great human achievements
Reading Beautiful Barcelona
Conversation Discussing who invented the telephone
Listening People talking about their favorite monument
Pronunciation Auxiliary verb reduction
Speaking Talking about your favorite monument or work of art
Grammar Passive verbs in the present and past
Writing Writing about a useful invention 21
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Vocabulary | Great human achievements A|
Read. Make notes to understand the meanings. Then listen and practice. a cure for architect author discovered invented invention monument painted paintings scientists sculpted sculptor sculpture skyscrapers wrote
B | Look at the pictures. Choose the correct word(s) to complete each sentence. 1
Alexander Graham Bell wrote / invented / sculpted the telephone.
2
The Taj Mahal is a monument / sculpture / skyscraper designed in memory of Mumtaz Mahal, the third wife of emperor Shah Jahan.
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3
Architects design many buildings, including giant monuments / sculptures / skyscrapers.
5
The computer is a(n) cure for / invention / sculptor many people use every day.
7
Cervantes was a(n) architect / author / scientist. He wrote the novel Don Quixote.
9
Jonas Salk discovered a(n) cure for / invention / sculptor polio.
4
Paul Cézanne discovered / painted / wrote many artworks. Today, his paintings hang in museums around the world.
6
When you cross a bridge, you travel over the work of a(n) architect / author / scientist.
8
A(n) cure for / invention / sculptor used many different tools to turn marble into this statue.
10
Many artists created the authors / sculptors / paintings you see in a museum. GREAT ACHIEVEMENTS 23
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12
11
D|
So far, no scientist has Herman Melville wrote / discovered / painted / written a invented / sculpted Moby Dick. cure for the cold. It’s a famous novel about a whale.
14
15
An artist made this large monument / sculpture / skyscraper from sand.
Many architects / authors / scientists are trying to find a cure for cancer.
Listen and practice saying the sentences in B.
Tell a partner the names of some famous inventors, scientists, sculptors, artists, authors, or architects you have heard of. What are they famous for?
C|
Greek artists wrote / invented / sculpted stone to create this statue.
13
Toni Morrison was a famous author from the United States. She wrote her first novel in 1970.
Antoni Gaudí was a famous architect. You can see a lot of his work in Barcelona, Spain.
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Conversation A|
Read and listen to the conversation.
Olivia
I love my new cell phone. I just sent a text message while I was watching a video on my cell phone! Good. Now we can actually have a conversation without your cell phone!
Paco Olivia Paco Olivia
Of course! Thank you. I saw an interesting documentary last night on phones. I learned the telephone was invented in 1876 and a monument to the first telephone is located in Ontario, Canada. Paco, your documentary doesn’t sound very interesting.
Paco Olivia
Who made the first phone call? That’s easy. The first phone call was made by Alexander Graham Bell.
Paco Olivia Paco Olivia
Who dialed the first cell phone call? Hmmm. I’ll search the internet on my new cell phone! The first cell phone call was dialed by Martin Cooper. And it was carried out in 1973. That is interesting. Wait. I have an idea.
Olivia starts to dial a number on her cell phone.
Paco
Olivia, who are you calling now? We’re having a conversation!
Paco’s cell phone rings.
Olivia
Answer your phone. The first phone call on my cell phone was made by Olivia Vasquez!
B | Choose the correct answers. 1 Where is the monument to the first telephone located? a It is located in Ontario, Canada. b It is located in Los Angeles, California. 2 When was the first cell phone call made? a The first cell phone call was made in 1876.
b The first cell phone call was made in 1973.
3 Does Olivia call Mr. Cooper on her cell phone? a Yes, she calls Mr. Cooper.
b No, she doesn’t call Mr. Cooper.
C | Practice the conversation with a partner.
GREAT ACHIEVEMENTS 25
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Pronunciation | Auxiliary verb reduction A|
Listen. Notice the reduction of the words in bold. Then practice.
The Brooklyn Bridge was built in 1883.
The statue was sculpted by Michelangelo.
The bridge is located in New York City.
The buildings were designed by I. M. Pei.
New things are invented every day.
B | Find more sentences with these sounds. Practice.
Grammar | Passive verbs in the present and past A|
Read and listen to the grammar presentation. The Brooklyn Bridge was built in 1883. It was designed by John Roebling. The bridge is located in New York City. New things are invented every day. The statue was sculpted by Michelangelo.
TIP We make the passive with the verb be and a past participle. We normally use the passive when we are more interested in the action than the person or thing that does the action.
B | Change the following active verbs into the passive form. 1 The designers do the artwork for the book covers.
The artwork for the book covers ________________________ by the designers.
2 Vincent van Gogh painted Sunflowers.
Sunflowers ________________________ by Vincent van Gogh.
3 J. K. Rowling wrote the Harry Potter books. The Harry Potter books ________________________ by J. K. Rowling. 4 People invent new apps for smart phones every day.
New apps for smart phones ________________________ every day.
5 The chefs use fresh ingredients to make the food.
Fresh ingredients ________________________ to make the food.
6 The Beatles sang Hello, Goodbye.
Hello, Goodbye ________________________ by the Beatles.
C | Look at the conversation on page 25. Underline all the passive verbs.
D|
It’s located in the center of Paris, France. It’s very tall. At first, it was used as a radio tower.
It’s the Eiffel Tower!
Describe famous monuments to a partner. Your partner will guess what they are.
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Reading A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. cathedral
guided tours
church
historic
early work
inspired
experience
opera
gothic
unique
B | Read the article.
Beautiful Barcelona Barcelona is a great place to visit for people who love art, architecture, and fun. Art lovers can see the city that inspired Picasso early in his career. Picasso lived there for several years. There is a museum of his early work. The museum building is almost as beautiful as the artwork inside. There are many other museums to visit. Antoni Gaudí is a well-known artist and architect. He lived in Barcelona. Many amazing buildings in Barcelona were designed by him. He designed the Casa Mila, a beautiful building with an interesting and unique style. The last thing that he designed was the Sagrada Família. This beautiful church is still being built. Architects say it will be completed in 2026, which is 100 years after Gaudí’s death. A great example of Barcelona’s gothic architecture is the Santa Maria del Mar cathedral. It used to take a long time to build churches. This church was built in the 1300s. It took 55 years to build. Back then, that was fast. If you prefer performances to buildings and paintings, you should visit the lovely Gran Teatre del Liceu. There are guided tours daily. If you can get tickets, you can see an opera in this historic building. That is an experience no one should miss!
C | Read the sentences. Write T (true) or F (false). 1 ____ Picasso never lived in Barcelona. 2 ____ There are many museums in Barcelona. 3 ____ Antoni Gaudí was an artist. 4 ____ The Sagrada Família was finished a long time ago. 5 ____ The Santa Maria del Mar is an example of gothic architecture. 6 ____ There are no tours of the Gran Teatre del Liceu. GREAT ACHIEVEMENTS 27
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Listening A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. awesome
masterpiece
border
period
collection
protect
elevator
pyramid
in memory of
structure
marble
top
B|
C|
Listen. Write the number of the speaker next to the correct picture. a ______
b ______
c ______
d ______
Listen again. Write the correct numbers in the spaces. One is not used.
20
324
1653
1889
2,000
4,500
8,850
10,000
1 The Pyramid of Khufu was built more than ____________ years ago. It was built over a period of ____________ years. 2 The Eiffel Tower was built in ____________. It’s ____________ meters tall. 3 The Taj Mahal was completed around ____________. 4 The Great Wall of China is about ____________ kilometers long. Some of its parts are more than ____________ years old. 28 UNIT 3
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Speaking Choose one of the topics. Prepare notes for your answer. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you prepare.
A|
Talk about your favorite monument or building.
OR
Talk about a favorite work of art.
EXPRESS YOURSELF!
My favorite building is probably “the Gherkin” in London. I like it because it really stands out against all of the other skyscrapers. It looks like a pickle!
My favorite works of art are the sunflowers painted by Van Gogh. I guess I like them so much because I feel happy when I look at them, and I love sunflowers.
I love the stained glass windows in Sainte Chapelle in Paris, France. They cast so many beautiful colors all over the interior of the chapel.
Talk about your topic with a partner. Ask your partner questions to get more information.
B|
My favorite monument is the Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri. It was built as a memorial to the westward expansion of the United States.
Have you been to the top?
Have you seen any of them in person?
Do you have any pictures of them?
GREAT ACHIEVEMENTS 29
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Writing A | Read the example. Answer the questions that follow. Tell a partner.
The blender is a great invention. I use my blender all the time, mostly for making smoothies and salsas. It’s also good for making baby food. A blender has several parts that all work together. When turned on, the motor in the base turns the blades at the bottom of the container. This creates a circular motion, which pulls pieces of food to the center and then to the bottom, where the blades blend everything together. What does the writer make with a blender?
•
What does a blender do?
•
What invention do you find useful?
B|
Write a description of a useful invention. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you.
•
EXPRESS YOURSELF!
/helpful
t re a grea a / is _ _ _ invention. ontrols Remote c ioning Air condit ars Electric c
because… you don’t have to ge t up. I hate being hot. they cost less and are better for…
It uses… o… a signal t . batteries emical to h c l ia c e p as own. cool air d 30 UNIT 3
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UNIT
4
EXCUSES
UNIT GOALS In this unit, you will practice the following: Vocabulary Chores
Reading Excuses, excuses…
Conversation Giving excuses for not doing chores
Listening People talking about things they haven’t done
Pronunciation Reduction of /h/ in haven’t / hasn’t
Speaking Making excuses for something that hasn’t been done
Grammar Review of present perfect Present perfect passive
Writing Writing about breaking a promise and making excuses 31
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Vocabulary | Chores A|
Read. Make notes to understand the meanings. Then listen and practice. clean out the refrigerator dust the furniture fold laundry make the bed mow the lawn pick up dry cleaning prepare dinner put away dishes straighten up the living room wash the car
B | Look at the pictures. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence. 1
Our dry cleaning hasn’t been picked up / mowed / prepared / cleaned out yet.
3
This car hasn’t been washed / straightened up / prepared / made in a long time.
2
This furniture looks old, but it has been made / folded / dusted / mowed today.
4
The living room has been put away / made / straightened up / folded because our parents are going to visit us soon.
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5
6
Has dinner been prepared / folded / cleaned / washed already? If not, let’s go out to eat!
7
The dishes haven’t been put away / made / prepared / cleaned out because we were busy talking.
8
Big surprise! My brother’s bed hasn’t been cleaned out / folded / mowed / made.
9
Don’t worry. The refrigerator has already been prepared / folded / dusted / cleaned out, so you don’t have to do it.
10
D|
C|
The lawn has been straightened up / mowed / Help! The laundry hasn’t been dusted / folded / cleaned / put away, so your son can study outside. made / cleaned out yet, and my mother is at the door.
Listen and practice saying the sentences in B. How often do you do the things in A? Tell a partner. I never mow the lawn. I don’t have a lawn. I live in a condo.
I make my bed every day. If I don’t make it, I feel like my room is a mess.
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Conversation A|
Read and listen to the conversation.
Mother
Ricardo, Laura. You haven’t done your chores! We’ve been really busy.
Ricardo Mother
The living room hasn’t been straightened up.
Laura Mother
Not yet. Ricardo and I had to play my new video game. What?
Ricardo Mother
Laura had to write a report on the video game for class. The laundry hasn’t been washed or folded.
Laura Mother
I had to mow the lawn before I did the laundry. But Laura, the lawn hasn’t been mowed.
Ricardo Mother
She had to wash the car with me first. But the car hasn’t been washed. And your beds haven’t even been made! We were tired. We had to take a nap.
Laura Mother
Tired? A nap?
Ricardo
Yes, thinking about all those chores was a lot of work!
B | Read the sentences. Write T (true) or F (false). 1 ____ The living room has been straightened up. 2 ____ Laura had to write a report on a video game. 3 ____ The car has been washed. 4 ____ Only Ricardo had to take a nap.
C | Practice the conversation with a partner.
Pronunciation | Reduction of /h/ in haven’t/hasn’t A|
Listen. Notice the reduction of the letters in bold. Then practice.
I haven’t eaten yet.
He hasn’t made the bed yet.
We haven’t prepared dinner yet.
She hasn’t washed the car yet.
They haven’t cleaned the bathroom yet.
It hasn’t started to rain yet.
B | Find more sentences with this type of reduction. Practice. 34 UNIT 4
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Grammar | Review of present perfect A|
Read and listen to the grammar presentation.
Affirmative statements
Negative statements
I’ve cleaned the apartment.
I haven’t cleaned the apartment yet.
You’ve eaten already.
You haven’t eaten yet.
He’s put away the dishes.
He hasn’t put away the dishes yet.
We’ve made the bed already.
We haven’t made the bed yet.
They’ve already dusted the furniture.
They haven’t dusted the furniture.
Yes/No questions
Short answers
Have you cleaned the apartment yet?
Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.
Has he put away the dishes?
Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t.
TIP Contractions I have I’ve / I have not I haven’t He has He’s / He has not He hasn’t already and yet We use already to say that something happened sooner than expected. We use yet in questions or negative statements to talk about things that we expected to happen before now.
B | Write the present perfect form of the verbs in parentheses. 1 Hana ________________________________________ dinner already. (prepare) 2 Young ________________________________________ the bathroom yet. (not / clean) 3 Tom and Allen ________________________________________ their beds already. (make) 4 Susana and I ________________________________________ lunch yet. (not / eat) 5 _______________ you ___________________________ up the living room yet? (straighten) 6 I ________________________________________ the car already. (wash)
C | Look at the picture of Tom’s room. What has he done? What hasn’t he done? Make up sentences with a partner. He hasn’t made his bed yet.
EXCUSES 35
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Present perfect passive
D|
Read and listen to the grammar presentation.
Statements The car has been washed. The dinner has been prepared. The meeting hasn’t been scheduled yet. The children have been picked up from school. The dishes haven’t been put away yet.
TIP The present perfect passive is useful when describing something that was done in the past without a lot of information about who did it, when, how, why, etc.
Yes/No questions
Short answers
Has the car been washed?
Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t.
Have the children been picked up from school?
Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t.
E | Rewrite the sentences in the passive. 1 I have put away the dishes. _________________________________________________________________________________ 2 He hasn’t washed the car yet. _________________________________________________________________________________ 3 She has mowed the lawn already. _________________________________________________________________________________ 4 We haven’t picked up the dry cleaning. _________________________________________________________________________________ 5 I’ve folded the laundry already. _________________________________________________________________________________ 6 Have you prepared dinner yet? _________________________________________________________________________________
F|
Make up sentences about things that have or haven’t been done at your home. Your partner will ask follow-up questions.
The bed has been made. The dishes have been washed and put away. But the laundry hasn’t been folded yet.
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Reading A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. avoid
kick
be supposed to
Ph.D. student
break down
robbed
claim
ruined
destroyed
start over
dissertation
stranded
hit a bump
tricked
kangaroo
wildlife preserve
B | Read the article.
Excuses, excuses... Students always find excuses to avoid homework. These teachers have seen some really strange excuses. Here are some of the most interesting excuses they’ve heard. One elementary school student claimed that her homework had been eaten by a fish. The little girl was on vacation with her parents, and she took the book she was supposed to read on a boat. The boat hit a bump. Her book fell into the water. When they turned around to find it, the book was gone. Sometimes, there is a whole list of excuses. A high school girls’ basketball team couldn’t do their homework because their bus broke down. They were stranded all night on the side of the road with no light. A college professor got the same excuse every week for a month from one student. Every week, this student said that he had been robbed. The student was being tricked by his roommates. Later, they told the professor what happened and gave him all of the homework they stole. One of the strangest stories involves an animal. A dissertation was destroyed by a kangaroo. The PhD student was working in a wildlife preserve in Australia, and the kangaroo kicked her laptop. The laptop was ruined. She had to start over.
C | Read the sentences. Write T (true) or F (false). 1 ____ Students of all ages have excuses for not doing homework. 2 ____ A dog ate the little girl’s homework. 3 ____ The basketball team was stranded in the parking lot. 4 ____ The student was being robbed by his roommates. 5 ____ The dissertation was destroyed by a kangaroo. EXCUSES 37
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Listening A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. bill
oversleep
canceled
schedule
fiancée
set the alarm clock
load the washing machine
work a double shift
B|
C|
Listen. Write the number of the speaker next to the correct picture. a ______
b ______
c ______
d ______
Listen again. Choose the correct answers to complete the sentences.
1 The laundry / homework hasn’t been done because she was working / studying. 2 The car payment / phone bill hasn’t been paid because he had to go on a business trip / work a double shift. 3 The meeting / flight has been canceled because it was snowing / her boss was sick. 4 The bed hasn’t been made / dishes haven’t been washed because he overslept / had an early class. 38 UNIT 4
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Speaking Choose one of the topics. Prepare notes for your answer. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you prepare.
A|
Talk about something you needed to do today that hasn’t been done yet. What is your excuse?
Talk about something you needed to do this week that hasn’t been done yet. What is your excuse?
OR
EXPRESS YOURSELF!
The dog needs to be walked, but I can’t find the leash.
I need to do my laundry, but I don’t have any laundry detergent, so it still hasn’t been done.
I should make a doctor’s appointment, but I still haven’t done it because I haven’t had the time.
Talk about your topic with a partner. Ask your partner questions to get more information.
B|
I have to get my bills paid, but I’ve been busy doing my homework.
Will you be charged any late fees?
Don’t you always keep it in the same place?
Why don’t you go buy some? EXCUSES 39
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Writing A | Read the example. Answer the questions that follow. Tell a partner.
I promised my nephew I would bake cupcakes for his 10th birthday. That week, I tried to find time to go to the store and buy the ingredients, but I was so tired every day after work. So instead, I bought him cupcakes from a bakery. I told him about my busy week at work and said that the bakery cupcakes would taste much better than mine anyway. He understood. Why couldn’t the writer make the cupcakes?
•
Was the nephew upset? How do you know?
•
Have you ever broken a promise? Did you make up an excuse?
B|
Write about a time you had to break a promise or weren’t able to get something done. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you.
•
EXPRESS YOURSELF! /sister I promised my mom/friend that I would… come to the party. m. have coffee with her/hi r. make dinner for him/he
/her… I told him hite lie. w le t t li a . the truth e it ak that I’d m er. /h up to him
But… I totally forgot. ran out of time. just didn’t feel like it.
40 UNIT 4
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UNIT
5
FRUSTRATIONS
UNIT GOALS In this unit, you will practice the following: Vocabulary Time-consuming tasks
Reading Overcoming problems
Conversation Talking about why someone is late
Listening People describing their frustrations
Pronunciation Intonation of surprise
Speaking Talking about what you’ve been trying to do or learn
Grammar Present perfect continuous
Writing Writing about your English practice 41
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Vocabulary | Time-consuming tasks A|
Read. Make notes to understand the meanings. Then listen and practice. cleaning the house cooking a big dinner downloading a file leaving you a voicemail practicing for a concert preparing for a karate competition searching for my keys sitting in the waiting room waiting on hold working on a report
B | Look at the pictures. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence. 1
Nate has been ____ for hours. a working on a report b cleaning the house c waiting on hold
2
I’ve been ____ for half an hour. a sitting in the waiting room b waiting on hold c practicing for a concert
42 UNIT 5
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3
Have you been ____ for school? a working on a report b waiting on hold c sitting in the waiting room
5
She has been ____ since last May. a practicing for a concert b waiting on hold c sitting in the waiting room
7
I’ve been ____ for over an hour now. a cooking a big dinner b leaving you a voicemail c downloading a file
4
We’ve been ____ since lunchtime. a practicing for a concert b sitting in the waiting room c cleaning the house
6
I have been ____ since this morning. a searching for my keys b preparing for a karate competition c downloading a file
8
They’ve been ____ for friends. a cleaning the house b downloading a file c cooking a big dinner FRUSTRATIONS 43
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9
10
D|
C|
Your friend has been ____ all day. a leaving you voicemails b downloading files c searching for her keys
My sister has been ____ since early last year. a practicing for a concert b working on a report c preparing for a karate competition
Listen and practice saying the sentences in B. How many of the things in A cause you the most stress? Tell a partner.
Cooking a big dinner for friends really stresses me out. It takes a lot of time. Plus, I’m not a very good cook, so when people come over to eat, I always think they’ll hate my cooking.
Waiting on hold is very stressful. Nowadays it seems like you always have to wait on hold when you call your bank, an airline, or if you call tech support because your wifi isn’t working. That’s the worst!
44 UNIT 5
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Conversation A|
Read and listen to the conversation.
Alicia
You’re late! Where were you? I’ve been calling you for the last hour. I’m sorry. I’ve been talking to my brother in England.
Ian Alicia
For an hour? You can’t be serious.
Ian Alicia
I am serious. I’ve been cooking a big meal with my brother for two hours. What do you mean?
Ian Alicia
He needed to cook a great meal for his girlfriend, but he doesn’t know how to cook. I understand. He called you for help. Exactly. I’ve been giving cooking lessons for the last two hours, and he’s been cooking for the last two hours.
Ian Alicia
Well, I’ve been working on our report all morning! Great! Did you finish it?
Ian Alicia
You’re kidding me! I’ve been waiting on you to do your part. Well, did your brother’s girlfriend like her special meal? She didn’t even eat it.
Ian Alicia
I can’t believe it! It’s true. She texted my brother and wanted Chinese food.
Ian Alicia
Look on the bright side. Now your brother knows how to cook, and… …And?
Ian Alicia
And you get to finish our report!
B | Choose the correct answers. 1 Who has Ian been talking to in England? a his sister
b Alicia c his brother
2 What has Alicia been working on all morning? a a report b a special meal c a text 3 What does Ian get to do now? a talk to his brother b cook dinner c finish their report
C | Practice the conversation with a partner. FRUSTRATIONS 45
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Pronunciation | Intonation of surprise A|
Listen. Notice the intonation of the words in bold. Then practice.
What do you mean?
I can’t believe it!
You’re kidding me!
You can’t be serious!
B | Find more sentences with this type of intonation. Practice.
Grammar | Present perfect continuous A|
Read and listen to the grammar presentation. They’re going out for Chinese food? What do you mean? I’ve been cooking a big dinner for them since 2:00! Where were you? I’ve been calling and leaving you voicemails since this morning!
TIP
I’m exhausted. I’ve been cleaning the house since early this morning. She’ll be home late. She’s been working on her report all day. Where’s the doctor? We’ve been sitting in the waiting room for two hours now.
for and since For is used when specifying the amount of time (how long). We’ve been sitting in the waiting room for two hours now. Since is used when specifying the starting point. I’ve been cooking a big dinner for them since 2:00!
B | Write the present perfect continuous form of the verbs in parentheses. Then use either for or since in each sentence.
1 This computer is so slow. I _________________________________ (download) this file ____________ over an hour. 2 Peter _________________________________ (clean) the house ____________ 9:00am. He’s having people over tonight. 3 We _________________________________ (cook) a big dinner ____________ four hours now. It’s our mother’s birthday today. 4 Tomo _________________________________ (come) home late every day. He _________________ ________________ (prepare) for a karate competition ____________ the beginning of the month. 5 Ellie and James _________________________________ (practice) for a concert ____________ two months now. They are performing tomorrow night.
C|
Make up sentences that are true for you. Tell a partner. Your partner will ask follow-up questions.
I’ve been playing the drums for a couple of years.
I’ve been _____________________________ for __________________________________ . I’ve been _____________________________ since ________________________________ . 46 UNIT 5
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Reading A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. fired
make a mistake
get in trouble
overcome
graduate degree
severance package
laid off
take my time
B | Read the article.
Overcoming problems A few years ago, I was working at a job I hated. I needed the money, so I stayed at the job. I wasn’t very good at my job. I hated my boss, and she didn’t like me. She would leave work for hours and not tell me. I did her work for her a lot. She never got in trouble, but I did all the time. One time, she left for two weeks suddenly. I had to do all of her work for her, but I didn’t know what I was doing. I made a big mistake. When my boss came back, I had a meeting with her and her boss. They decided to fire me. I was sad. They gave me a severance package, which is money companies sometimes give you when you are fired or laid off. The money they allowed me to take my time to find a new job. I spent time looking at jobs I wanted. I even took some night classes and decided to get a degree. Once I completed my degree, I found a job I loved. I am really good at my new job. I’ve got a graduate degree. I get paid more, and I love my boss. Getting fired was the best thing that ever happened to me.
C | Read the sentences. Write T (true) or F (false). 1 ____ The writer stayed at her first job because she needed the money. 2 ____ The writer looked for a new job before she left her old one. 3 ____ The writer didn’t make a mistake, but she got fired anyway. 4 ____ The writer got paid some extra money after she got fired. 5 ____ The writer got her degree.
FRUSTRATIONS 47
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Listening A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. history essay
break up with
irregular verbs
computer crash
operator
go mad
save a document
C|
B|
automated service
Listen. Write the number of the speaker next to the correct picture. a ______
b ______
c ______
d ______
Listen again. Read the sentences. Write T (true) or F (false).
1 ____ Simone has been working on a history essay for three hours. 2 ____ Tariq has been having trouble remembering irregular verbs. 3 ____ Farah has been waiting for an operator for 20 minutes. 4 ____ Alan has been waiting for Marianne for an hour.
48 UNIT 5
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Speaking Choose one of the topics. Prepare notes for your answer. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you prepare.
A|
Talk about a hobby or sport a friend or family member has been learning or doing for some time.
OR
Talk about a hobby or sport you’ve been learning or doing for some time.
EXPRESS YOURSELF!
I’ve been playing ice hockey since I was in high school. I’m the goalie for my team.
My aunt Rosine has been knitting for years. She first learned as a teenager. Right now she’s making a sweater for my uncle.
My brother’s been playing the piano since he was five years old. He takes classes every week. He’s very good. His favorite music to play is classical.
Talk about your topic with a partner. Ask your partner questions to get more information.
B|
I’ve been leaning Italian online for a year now. Next summer I’m going to go to Italy and try out my skills!
Do you have a virtual teacher?
What else has she knitted recently?
Does anyone else in your family play a musical instrument? FRUSTRATIONS 49
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Writing A | Read the example. Answer the questions that follow. Tell a partner.
To learn English, I have been practicing at home. I watch TV shows in English online and take notes about vocabulary and expressions I hear that seem useful. Sometimes I watch them a second time and hit pause so I can repeat things that I think are important to be able to say. I also read online articles in English about things that interest me, like cooking. And I belong to a group in my town that meets once a week to discuss topics and play games in English. I think what I do at home is working better for me because there are many people in the discussion group that don’t speak English very well. When does the writer hit pause?
•
What does the writer think of the discussion group?
•
What do you do outside of class to help improve your English?
B|
Write about what you have been doing to learn English. What has been working well, and what has been difficult? Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you.
•
EXPRESS YOURSELF!
. I… lish online g n E in s o e watch vid asts in English. odc listen to p ulture c n a . ic r e ial media c follow Am o s n o s p rou interest g
I also… read the news in En glish. watch movies in Engl ish. have online chats w ith English speakers.
I can… because . s hit pause lpful word e h t h g li high ses. and phra ul meaningf in e g a g n e s. discussion 50 UNIT 5
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Vocabulary | Complete the crossword puzzle. Use vocabulary from Units 1–5. 1
2 3 4
5
6
7
Across 1. New York City is known for its ___, like the Empire State Building. 4. Where’s the doctor? I’ve been sitting in the ___ for over an hour! 5. The Mona Lisa is a famous ___ by Leonard da Vinci. 6. Someday I’d love to own a ___ home near the beach. 7. We were in a meeting when my stomach ___ loudly! Down 1. Money doesn’t make a person ___. Happiness does. 2. The living room hasn’t been ___ up yet. I’ve been too busy. 3. I ___ in my community twice a week. I help clean the park.
Grammar | Find the error. Write the correct sentence. 1 I take my break now. ________________________________________________________________________________ 2 It rained when the phone rang. ________________________________________________________________________________ 3 Our class started in 15 minutes. ________________________________________________________________________________ 4 You going to play soccer after class? ________________________________________________________________________________ 5 The telephone invented in 1876. ________________________________________________________________________________ 6 I haven’t eaten dinner already. ________________________________________________________________________________ 7 Has she fold the laundry? ________________________________________________________________________________ 8 The car been washed. ________________________________________________________________________________ 9 Have your beds made yet? ________________________________________________________________________________ 10 I’ve been waited on hold for 40 minutes. ________________________________________________________________________________
Check Yourself | How well do you know it? Circle the correct rating for yourself. Units 1–5 Vocabulary
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Units 1–5 Grammar
RE VIE W, ASSE S S, C ON N EC T & E X TEN D UNIT S 1–5
REVIEW, ASSESS, CONNECT & EXTEND
RACE 51
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RE VIEW, ASSESS, CONNECT & E X TEND UNIT S 1–5
REVIEW, ASSESS, CONNECT & EXTEND Find someone who… A | Complete the questions based on the desciptions below. Most of the information is from Units 1–5. Questions
Names
1
Have you ever __________________________________? (embarrassing situation from page 2)
_________________
2
Do you know anyone who is _____________ and _____________? (two adjectives from page 12)
_________________
3
Do you want to _________________________________ someday? (future aspiration from page 13)
_________________
4
Do you like to read books by _______________________________? _________________ (name of author)
5
Have you ever seen a painting by ___________________ up close? (name of famous painter)
_________________
6
Have you ever visited ___________________________________? (name of a famous monument)
_________________
7
Do you ____________________________ more than twice a week? _________________ (name of a chore from page 32)
8
Does _______________________________ give you a lot of stress? _________________ (name of a time-consuming task from page 42)
B | Ask your classmates the questions. Find
someone who answers yes. Then write his or her name.
Have you ever sent an email to the wrong person?
Try it out G ive a short presentation about a famous scientist, inventor, or artist.
I’d like to tell you about the Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming. Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928. Actually, penicillin was discovered by accident….
eave a voicemail for a co-worker L asking for help with a task. Hi, Rob. I’ve been working on the sales report for a couple of hours, and I have a few questions. Please call me back as soon as you get this message. Thanks!
52 RACE
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UNIT
6
NO REGRETS
UNIT GOALS In this unit, you will practice the following: Vocabulary Regretful situations
Reading Better late than never
Conversation Discussing what someone should or should not have done
Listening People expressing regrets and what they should’ve done
Pronunciation Reduction of have in past modals
Speaking Talking about regrets
Grammar Past modals for speculating Past modals for expressing regrets
Writing Writing about what you wish you had done differently 53
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Vocabulary | Regretful situations A|
Read. Make notes to understand the meanings. Then listen and practice. brought an extra charger for your phone brought his business cards decided to stay home tonight gotten gas for the car gotten lost on his way here left my bag on the bus ordered an extra-large coffee picked up my sister at the airport practiced my presentation worn jeans to the party
B | Look at the pictures. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence. 1
Oops. I might have ____ on the bus. a practiced my presentation b decided to stay home tonight c left my bag
3
You should’ve ____. a gotten gas for the car b picked your sister up at the airport c ordered an extra-large coffee
2
He should have ____. a brought an extra charger for his phone b ordered an extra-large coffee c worn jeans to the party
4
We could have ____. a brought our business cards b gotten gas for the car, but we didn’t c ordered an extra-large coffee
54 UNIT 6
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5
6
He shouldn’t have ____. a decided to stay home tonight b left his bag on the bus c brought an extra charger for his phone
7
8
You should have ____. a worn jeans to the party b practiced your presentation c ordered an extra-large coffee
9
He should have ____ before giving it. a ordered an extra-large coffee b practiced his presentation c gotten gas for his car
Listen and practice saying the sentences in B.
Use an item in A to talk about a regretful situation. Tell a partner.
D|
He shouldn’t have ____. a worn jeans to the job interview b ordered an extra-large coffee c left his bag on the bus
10
She could have ____ to the restaurant. a brought an extra charger for her phone b brought jeans c brought her business cards
C|
She might have ____. a left her bag on the bus b ordered an extra-large coffee c gotten lost on the way here
I wore jeans to a party once. I didn’t know it was a formal party. It was so embarrassing. NO REGRETS 55
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Conversation A|
Read and listen to the conversation.
Maria
Roger! You could have met me here on time! You’re 15 minutes late. You’re right. I shouldn’t have slept so late. I missed breakfast, too. Is there a waiter around here?
Roger Maria
There’s no time to eat now. This is our first meeting with Mr. Miura. He’s very professional. We’re professional, too. By the way, I forgot my business cards.
Roger Maria
What? You should’ve remembered your cards!
Roger Maria
I left them at the office. And you could have dressed more professionally. You shouldn’t have worn jeans. Mr. Miura is very traditional. It will be fine. Oh, by the way, you practiced the presentation, right? I didn’t have time. I watched a really good movie last night.
Roger Maria
You could’ve told me earlier! Hey, is that a waiter over there?
Roger
Roger motions to a young man. The young man smiles and walks over to Maria and Roger.
Tom Maria
There you are. Hello. My name’s Tom. Tom Miura. Mr. Miura? Mr. Miura is my father. He had to stay in Tokyo. I’m Tom. I should’ve called you. I have Roger’s number, but I forgot to charge my phone!
Tom Roger Maria
That’s OK. I couldn’t have taken your call, Tom. I lost my phone yesterday. I don’t believe this is happening! That’s a bummer. Hey, Roger, those are great jeans. Where did you get them?
Tom
Maria motions to a real waiter.
Maria
I shouldn’t have worked so hard. The two of you talk. I’m going to have some coffee.
B | Choose the correct answers. 1 Why is Maria upset with Roger?
a he’s late
2 Where are Roger’s business cards? a in his pocket 3 What did Roger do last night?
b he's hungry b at the office
a practiced the presentation b watched a movie
4 Why couldn't Roger take Tom's call? a Roger lost his phone
b Roger forgot to charge his phone
C | Practice the conversation with a partner. 56 UNIT 6
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Pronunciation | Reduction of have in past modals A|
Listen. Notice the reduction of have. Then practice.
I might have left my keys at home. They might have gone to the airport. We could have stayed home tonight. She could have gotten lost on her way here. You should have ordered an extra-large coffee. He should have worn a suit to the wedding.
B | Find more sentences with reduced have. Practice.
Grammar | Past modals for speculating A|
Read and listen to the grammar presentation. She could have woken up late. She couldn’t have forgotten to set her alarm. She might have decided to stay home tonight instead. He might not have had time to get gas before he left. I may have left my phone on the bus. You may not have taken your keys with you when you left the house.
B | Match the sentences. 1 ___ I haven’t seen our neighbor for over a month.
a She could have gotten lost on her way here.
2 ___ I wonder why Susan isn’t at the party.
b I could have left them at the gym.
3 ___ I can’t find my keys anywhere.
c She might have gone on vacation.
4 ___ Henry is late for work again.
d There might have been an accident.
5 ___ Samantha isn’t in the office.
e The train may have been delayed.
6 ___ L ynn had to wait 45 minutes for the bus this morning.
fS he couldn’t have left yet because her bag is still here.
NO REGRETS 57
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Past modals for expressing regrets
C|
Read and listen to the grammar presentation.
I should have brought your business cards to the meeting. You shouldn’t have ordered an extra-large coffee. We should have practiced our presentation first. He shouldn’t have worn jeans to the dinner party. I could have picked you up at the airport. We could have helped you with the presentation.
D | Match the sentences. 1 ___ Tom was late for work.
a I could have picked you up from the airport.
2 ___ Why didn’t you tell me you needed a ride?
b They should have left their house sooner.
3 ___ I can’t believe I failed the exam.
c He shouldn’t have yelled at his boss.
4 ___ James was fired from work today.
d I could have studied harder.
5 ___ Maria spent too much money on her dress.
e She could have waited until it went on sale.
6 ___ Peter and Amy missed their flight.
f He should have woken up earlier.
E | Look at the conversation on page 56. Underline all the past modals. F|
Make up sentences of your own. Tell a partner.
1 I don’t know where I put my _________________ .
I might have ______________________________
_______________________________________ .
I could have made breakfast at home this morning, but I was too busy.
2 I should have _____________________________
before __________________________________ .
3 I shouldn’t have ___________________________
when I _________________________________ .
4 I could have ______________________________
this morning, but I was too busy ______________
_______________________________________ .
58 UNIT 6
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Reading A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. assistant
hard work paid off
department
presentation
get a promotion
public speaking
get past
sleep through an alarm
B | Read the article.
Better late than never Last year, my company had a big meeting. At the time, I was the assistant manager of my department. I was very bad at public speaking. I could have been the manager at that point, but I wasn’t because I couldn’t get past my fear of speaking in public. I worked late and worked weekends for weeks before the big meeting so that my boss would have everything he needed for our department’s presentation. On the day before the meeting, I stayed up late to finish part of the presentation. I was so tired. I knew that I should have set more than one alarm. I slept through my alarm. I was very late to the meeting. When I got there, my co-worker told me that our boss was sick and couldn’t give the presentation. I had to give the presentation instead. I might have gotten fired if I didn’t go up on stage. I was so worried about being late that I forgot about being scared of speaking in front of people. All of my weeks of hard work paid off when I gave the presentation. I got in trouble for being late to the meeting, but my presentation was so good that I got a promotion later that year. I never thought that being late could be a good thing.
C | Read the sentences. Write T (true) or F (false). 1 ____ The writer was doing the work so that he could give the presentation. 2 ____ The writer is scared of public speaking. 3 ____ The writer overslept and was late to the meeting. 4 ____ The writer was sick. 5 ____ The writer didn’t get a promotion.
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Listening A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. cashmere
gloves
casual
resist
department store
silk
didn’t agree with
upset stomach
B|
C|
Listen. Write the number of the speaker next to the correct picture. a ______
b ______
c ______
d ______
Listen again. Choose the correct information.
1 Mohamed should’ve picked up his brother from the airport / the train station. 2 Ali took the subway / a taxi to the city. 3 Penelope shouldn’t have worked / bought so much at the department store. 4 Penelope needed a new pair of socks / gloves. 5 Ewan should’ve worn casual / formal clothes to the dinner party. 6 Ewan might have to go to his hotel / home to change his clothes. 7 Malia should've stayed home from school / work today. 8 Malia might need to ask a friend to give her a ride to the drugstore / home. 60 UNIT 6
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Speaking Choose one of the topics. Prepare notes for your answer. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you prepare.
A|
Talk about something you regret having done.
OR
Talk about something you did that you feel you should have done differently.
EXPRESS YOURSELF!
I shouldn’t have lent my new bicycle to a friend whose car broke down. He wrecked it and doesn’t have the money to get it fixed.
Last time I made chocolate chip cookies I used margarine instead of butter. They didn’t turn out very good. I should have stuck to my usual recipe.
I thought I would do well on my last test, so I didn’t study that hard for it. I should have studied harder because I ended up not getting a very good grade.
Talk about your topic with a partner. Ask your partner questions to get more information.
B|
Last summer I went to Spain. I had a budget, but I blew it. I shouldn’t have done that because now I have no money for winter break.
What did you blow your money on?
Did he at least apologize?
What grade did you get on it?
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Writing A | Read the example. Answer the questions that follow. Tell a partner.
If I could go back and change something in my life, I would have worked harder at athletics. I was a good athlete, but I should have taken it more seriously. I was invited to play on a soccer team in college, but I decided not to join. It would have been great to play soccer while I was going to school. I wonder if I would have become a soccer coach. I would recommend that all young people play sports while they’re in school. What does the writer regret not doing?
•
What does the writer think he might have become?
•
Do you wish you could go back in time and do something differently?
B|
If you could go back and change something in your life, what would it be? Write about what you would have done differently. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you.
•
EXPRESS YOURSELF!
h I would … der in hig r a h d ie have stud n school. ht such a g u o b e v not ha car. expensive outdoors. e im t e r spent mo
because… I wasn’t able to get into the college of my ch oice. my monthly paymen ts are very high. I think it’s better th an just sitting around in side.
if I ifferent d e I wonder… b ld u e wo how my lif nt had (not)… chosen a differe have if I might ad (not)… h I if y d tu t)… field of s I had (no if e n o d ave I wound h 62 UNIT 6
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UNIT
7
SOMETHING CAME UP
UNIT GOALS In this unit, you will practice the following: Vocabulary Plans or special occasions
Reading Be flexible
Conversation Talking about disappointing events
Listening People talking about plans that changed
Pronunciation Reduction of had in the past perfect
Speaking Talking about a time when plans changed
Grammar Past perfect
Writing Writing about causing someone's plans to change 63
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Vocabulary | Plans or special occasions A|
Read. Make notes to understand the meanings. Then listen and practice. attend a graduation party came in second place got engaged have brunch left all the lights on make reservations museum exhibit sold out win the competition quit my job
B | Look at the pictures. Choose the correct words to complete each sentence. 1
I wanted to have brunch / attend a graduation party / get engaged / make reservations, but I had already made other plans.
2
She had hoped to buy a ticket for the concert, but they got engaged / won the competition / made reservations / sold out in ten minutes.
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3
My brother had wanted to win the cooking competition, but he came in second place / got engaged / had brunch / quit his job instead.
5
When they got engaged / made a reservation / won the competition / came in second place, they had only known each other for six months.
7
We had wanted to see the new brunch / competition / reservations / museum exhibit, but Brad had already seen it.
4
By the time I made reservations / quit my job / came in second place / got engaged, I had already found a better one.
6
We had planned to have brunch / get engaged / sell out / win the competition, but we slept too late.
8
When I got home, I noticed that I had made reservations / brunch / left all the lights on in the house. SOMETHING CAME UP 65
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9
10
D|
C|
Our team had expected to come in last, but we ate brunch / made a reservation / won the competition!
I had won the competition / made a reservation / left all the lights on, but we still waited an hour for a table.
Listen and practice saying the sentences in B. Tell a partner about a situation or event in the past that involves the vocabulary in A.
My friends Dan and Maria got engaged a few months ago. It was pretty unusual. They went out to dinner and Dan asked the waiter to put the engagement ring in the dessert. After they ate dinner, the waiter brought the dessert to the table. Maria said, “I’m sorry. We didn’t order any dessert.” Then she saw the ring. It was so romantic!
My sister Jackie used to work in a lawyer’s office. It was really hard, and her boss was not a nice person. She always had to work late. It was her birthday last week, and her boss asked her to work late again. She told him it was her birthday and she had dinner plans. He just looked at her and said, “Well, I guess you should cancel your plans.” After he left her office, she wrote “I QUIT” on a sticky note and put it on a stack of papers on her desk. Then she walked out.
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Conversation A|
Read and listen to the conversation.
Nadia
How was your weekend? Claire got upset with me.
Eric Nadia Eric Nadia
Why? We took my car to the museum to see the new exhibit Friday evening. By the time we arrived at eight o’clock, the museum had already closed. So Claire was not happy. What did you do instead? We decided to eat at the new restaurant next to the museum, but we hadn’t made reservations. So we had to wait for a table.
Eric Nadia Eric Nadia
Oh. How was the food? I read in the newspaper this morning that it had been a very busy opening weekend for the restaurant. We waited for one hour when they told us they had sold out of food! So we decided to drive to the supermarket and buy some steaks. Was the supermarket crowded? I don’t know. When we left the restaurant and got to the car, we noticed that I had left the lights on. So the battery was dead.
Eric Nadia
Eric, you really aren’t very lucky, are you? What would you like?
Waiter Nadia
I’ll have the lasagna. Very good.
Waiter Eric Waiter
I’ll take the lasagna, too. I’m so sorry, sir. Your friend just ordered the last lasagna.
Eric
You’re right, Nadia, I’m not very lucky at all!
B | Choose the correct answers. 1 Where was the new exhibit? a at school b at the theatre
c at the museum
2 Where did they try to eat dinner? a at the museum b at the new restaurant c at Claire’s apartment 3 Why didn’t Claire and Eric go to the supermarket? a It was closed. b Eric’s car wouldn’t start. c They were tired. 4 Why doesn’t Eric get the lasagna? a Nadia ordered the last one. b He’s not hungry. c He doesn’t like lasagna.
C | Practice the conversation with a partner.
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Pronunciation | Reduction of had in the past perfect A|
Listen. Notice the reduced sound of the letters in bold. Then practice.
I had eaten a late lunch. She had hoped to meet us after work. He had met every person in the office. We had already booked a hotel room. They had already gone home.
B | Find more sentences with this type of reduction. Practice.
Grammar | Past perfect A|
Read and listen to the grammar presentation.
I wasn’t hungry because I had eaten a late lunch. He had hoped to meet us after work, but his boss asked him to work late tonight. When I finished the project, I realized that I hadn’t stopped to eat lunch. By the time I left the party, I had met every person in her family. We were not able to get a hotel room because we had not booked it beforehand.
I had already left the house when you came over.
TIP when and by the time We often use when and by the time when making past perfect sentences. When I finished the project, I realized that I hadn’t stopped to eat lunch. By the time I left the party, I had met every person in her family.
B | Choose the correct word(s) to complete the sentences. 1 I missed the first part of the movie because when I arrived / had arrived at the theater, the movie started / had started. 2 Ellie lived / had lived in Greece before she moved / had moved to Switzerland. 3 Kazu didn’t arrive / hadn’t arrived until after I left / had left. 4 Julie and Thomas didn’t meet / hadn’t met before the party. 5 You didn’t study / hadn’t studied for the test, so you were / had been very nervous. 6 My grandfather didn’t use / hadn’t used email before, so I showed / had shown him how to use it.
C | Look at the conversation on page 67. Underline all the examples of past perfect. D|
Make up sentences of your own. Tell a partner.
1 I didn’t ________________________ because
I hadn’t ____________________________ yet.
2 By the time I ___________________________ ,
When I joined the video chat for a work meeting, I realized I hadn’t done my hair yet.
I had already __________________________ .
3 When I _______________________________ ,
I realized I hadn’t _______________________ .
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Reading A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. accommodate
get ahead
clients
ignore
concentrate
interruption
create
multitasking
distraction
skill
flexibility
switch
B | Read the article.
Be flexible It can be hard to get work done. There are so many interruptions and distractions. The text messages, phone calls, co-workers, and so many other daily interruptions make it hard to concentrate at work. The two most important things that office workers need to learn are flexibility and multitasking. Flexibility is important at work and at home. Plans change all the time, and there are always interruptions. It is important to be able to figure out which interruptions are important and which ones should be ignored. You need to be able to change your plans to accommodate important things that come up during the work day, like meetings, phone calls, and conversations with important clients. Being able to change plans without too much difficulty or stress is a good skill to have anywhere. Multitasking is also an important work skill. Technology makes our jobs easier, but technology also creates a lot of extra work. Messages come in all day. They don’t wait for you to have time to read them. It is important for an office worker to be able to do many things at once, or to be able to switch from one task to another easily. Reading messages while eating lunch is a good way to save some time. Learning these skills can help you get ahead and stay there.
C | Read the sentences. Write T (true) or F (false). 1 ____ Text messages and phone calls are two distractions that office workers face. 2 ____ Flexibility is important at work and at home. 3 ____ Multitasking isn’t really important. 4 ____ When you are flexible, you really can’t change your plans. 5 ____ Reading messages while eating lunch is a good way to save time. SOMETHING CAME UP 69
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Listening A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. beat
race
chef
runner
home country
track and field
invite
trained
C|
Listen. Write the number of the conversation next to the correct picture.
B|
a ______
b ______
c ______
d ______
Listen again. Then match the two halves of the sentences.
1
___ She had hoped to meet her sister after work,
a
but he came in second place instead.
2
___ S he had planned to return to her home country,
b
but she decided to stay in Boston with Scott.
3
___ H e wanted to eat at his brother’s restaurant,
c
but he had already eaten a big lunch.
4
___ He had wanted to win the 400-meter race,
d
but her boss asked her to work late.
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Speaking Choose one of the topics. Prepare notes for your answer. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you prepare.
A|
Talk about a time when your plans changed.
Talk about a time when a friend or family member’s plans changed.
OR
EXPRESS YOURSELF!
The other night I went out for Chinese food with my friends. We wanted to go to our favorite Italian restaurant, but we had forgotten to make reservations.
About a month ago, my sister went out to sing karaoke with her friends. They had intended to go see a local band play, but the tickets were all sold out.
Yesterday my friend had lunch in the park by herself. She had made plans to eat with a friend, but the friend had forgotten to put it in her calendar.
Talk about your topic with a partner. Ask your partner questions to get more information.
B|
Last weekend my cousin and I got a hotel room for two nights in San Antonio. We had planned to go camping, but they said it was going to rain.
Did it end up raining?
Why is the Italian restaurant so popular?
What band were they hoping to see?
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Writing A | Read the example. Answer the questions that follow. Tell a partner.
My dad and I had wanted to go the baseball game last Sunday, but I got called in to work. I thought I had left work on time for us to make it to the game. But when we got on the highway, the traffic was very bad. By the time we finally got to the game, we had already missed four innings! So we didn’t even go in. We ended up just turning around and going back home. It was a disappointment. We hadn’t anticipated traffic problems. We hope to go to the next home game. Why were the writer and her dad late for the game?
•
Did they end up going to the game? Why (not)?
•
Have your plans with someone ever gotten messed up?
B|
Write about a time that someone else’s plans changed because of you. Share what you both had planned to do and what ended up happening. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you.
•
EXPRESS YOURSELF! … We had plans to stival. go to a music fe go to the movies. . meet for coffee
but … my car broke down. I totally forgot. my parents needed my help with something .
We ended up … ead. staying home inst eck. taking a rain ch all! making it after
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UNIT
8
WHICH ONE DO YOU MEAN?
UNIT GOALS In this unit, you will practice the following: Vocabulary Descriptive details
Reading Buyer beware!
Conversation Describing people and things in a café
Listening People talking about recent purchases
Pronunciation Reduction of /t/
Speaking Describing something you bought
Grammar Defining relative clauses with who, that, which
Writing Writing a comparison of two items based on ads 73
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Vocabulary | Descriptive details A|
Read. Make notes to understand the meanings. Then listen and practice. coffee shop has free Wi-Fi documentary about whales man wearing a black suit man won the lottery package arrived by courier phone comes with a free case store sells delicious pastries sunglasses on sale woman talking really loudly on her cell phone woman teaches a pottery class
B | Look at the pictures. Choose the correct word(s) to complete each sentence. 1
Which sunglasses are wearing / get a free case / on sale, and which ones are full price?
2
The friend in a plaid shirt today is the man who came with / was wearing / arrived by a black suit last night.
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3
I bought the phone that goes in / chooses from / sells with / comes with a free case.
5
Which one is the woman who is talking freely / really loudly / all by herself on her cell phone?
7
The blonde lady is the woman who teaches the lottery / pottery / cooking / courier class.
4
Have you seen the package that arrived by courier / with an extra case / for sale?
6
This is the store that sells good vintage clothing / delicious pastries / great pet supplies.
8
Did you see the radio / internet / programmer / documentary that was about whales on TV last night? WHICH ONE DO YOU MEAN? 75
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9
10
D|
Have you used the internet at the coffee shop that has free sales / couriers / documentaries / Wi-Fi?
Listen and practice saying the sentences in B.
Choose one of the items. Describe the person, place, or thing in detail, but without saying its name. Your partner will guess who or what it is.
C|
The woman in the middle is the one who won the lottery / courier / Wi-Fi / pottery.
a favorite café or restaurant
a favorite TV show or movie
someone in your class
a famous actor, musician, or athlete
This is one of my favorite places. I go there at least once a week. They serve delicious food. My favorite is called the Super Dragon roll. It’s near the train station.
This is one of my favorite movies. The main character is a spy with long blonde hair. She wears a black jacket. She works for a secret organization. She’s a crime fighter.
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Conversation A|
Read and listen to the conversation. I love eating at this café.
Alice
I don’t.
Ben
But it’s the café that has really delicious pastries.
Alice Ben
It’s also the café that has too many customers. It’s too small, too crowded, and too loud. Do you see that man who’s sitting next to us?
Alice Ben
Yes…the man who’s talking loudly on his cell phone?
Alice
He’s been on his cell phone for 30 minutes.
Ben
And, do you see the woman who’s sitting with him at the table?
Alice
The woman who’s not talking on her cell phone?
Ben
Why are they even eating lunch together? I don’t know. It’s just so crazy.
Alice
Alice’s cell phone rings. Hello? Oh, hi, Kate! No, I’m not busy. I’m just eating lunch. How are you?
Alice
B | Read the sentences. Write T (true) or F (false). 1 ____ Ben doesn’t like the café. 2 ____ The man is talking with the woman who’s at his table. 3 ____ The woman is talking on her cell phone. 4 ____ Alice thinks the situation is crazy.
C | Practice the conversation with a partner.
Pronunciation | Reduction of /t/ A|
Listen. Notice the reduced sounds of the letters in bold. Then practice.
He’s the person that teaches the yoga class. The documentary that was on TV last night was really interesting. Those are the shoes that go with this dress. This is the hotel room that comes with free Wi-Fi.
B | Find more sentences with this type of reduced sound. Practice. WHICH ONE DO YOU MEAN? 77
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Grammar | Defining relative clauses with who, that, which A|
Read and listen to the grammar presentation. The man who was wearing a black suit is my cousin. This is the store that sells delicious pastries. The documentary that was on TV last night was about whales. She’s the woman that teaches a pottery class.
TIP Use who or that to describe people. Use that or which to describe things.
Is that the phone which comes with a free case? We need to find a coffee shop that has free Wi-Fi.
B | Choose the correct word to complete the sentences. 1 That’s the woman that / which teaches the pottery class. 2 There is one train who / which leaves for South Station in five minutes. 3 This is the coffee shop that / who has the best cappuccinos in town. 4 Have you seen the money who / that I left on the table over there? 5 The man who / which is wearing a black suit is my uncle. 6 The show who / that is on TV at 7:00 is about aliens.
C | Look at the conversation on page 77. Underline all the defining relative clauses. D|
Choose people or things you know and complete the descriptions. Tell a partner.
1 __________ the woman / doctor / student who
Dr. Bell is the doctor who works at the new clinic near my office.
______________________________________. 2 __________ the man / teacher / artist that ______________________________________. 3 That is the movie / song / game that ______________________________________. 4 This is the bus / road / train which ______________________________________. 78 UNIT 8
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Reading A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. a good deal
gimmicks
advertisers
intend
bargain
stuff
carton
tactic
fault
tricks
B | Read the article.
Buyer beware! The next time you go shopping, remember these gimmicks and you might be able to spend less money. When you go shopping, do you spend more money than you intend to spend? If so, it’s not just your fault. Stores and advertisers use tricks to get customers to buy more stuff. When you go shopping at a grocery store, you might find the bakery and flowers at the front of the store. That isn’t by accident. Stores put those things in front because the pretty flowers and the delicious bakery smells put customers in the mood to buy things. Another way that stores get you to buy more is group pricing. Five-for-$10 or two-for-$5 is a way that they get you to buy more. Sometimes it can be a good deal, but not always. Check to see if you can get the same price for each item. For example, if you can buy five bottles of soda for $10, but each bottle of soda is $3 on its own, you’re getting a pretty good deal. But if the same soda is only $2 a bottle on its own, it's not really a special deal. "Buy one get one free" is another popular tactic. The problem is that you probably don’t need the second item. Are you going to drink two cartons of milk in a week? If the answer is no, then there is no point in buying the second carton of milk, even if it is a bargain.
C | Read the sentences. Write T (true) or F (false). 1 ____ Stores put flowers and the bakery at the front of the store because it is easier. 2 ____ Bakery smells can put you in the mood to buy things. 3 ____ Group pricing is always a really good savings opportunity. 4 ____ Sometimes, with group pricing, you can get just one item at the same discount. 5 ____ “Buy one get one free” is a popular trick.
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Listening A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. necklace
comfortable
parking space
jewelry
protect
lenses
quality
match
ring
motor scooter
silver
B|
chic
Listen. Write the number of the conversation next to the correct picture.
C|
a ______
b ______
c ______
d ______
Listen again. Choose the correct answers.
1 What did Zachary buy?
Why did he buy it?
a He bought a pair of sunglasses.
a He needed sunglasses that look good with his jacket.
b He bought a silver necklace.
b He wanted a piece of jewelry that matches his fiancée’s engagement ring.
2 What did Donna buy?
Why did she buy it?
a She bought a motor scooter.
a She needed shoes that are comfortable, yet chic.
b She bought a pair of pink shoes.
b She wanted to park on the street where she lives.
3 What did Angela buy?
Why did she buy them?
a She bought a pair of shoes.
a She needed shoes that are comfortable, yet chic.
b She bought a motor scooter.
b She wanted a vehicle that she could park on the street where she lives.
4 What did Rachid buy?
Why did he buy them?
a He bought a silver necklace.
a He needed sunglasses that look good with his jacket.
b He bought a pair of sunglasses.
b He wanted a piece of jewelry that matches his fiancée’s engagement ring.
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Speaking Choose one of the topics. Prepare notes for your answer. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you prepare.
A|
Talk about something you bought recently.
Talk about something a friend or family member bought recently.
OR
EXPRESS YOURSELF!
The other day I bought my mom a new microwave. It has a lot of settings which can help you heat up different kinds of food easily. I have to show her how to use it!
My brother just bought a new car. It’s one that gets good gas mileage, and it has a backup camera. He loves it.
My aunt and uncle just got an RV that has a bedroom and a kitchen. They can sleep and cook in it while they travel around the country.
Talk about your topic with a partner. Ask your partner questions to get more information.
B|
I recently bought a new cell phone. My old one kept dying too quickly. This is a new model that stays charged all day long! It cost a lot, so it had better keep a charge all day!
Does it take good pictures?
How much did it cost?
What kind of car did he get? WHICH ONE DO YOU MEAN? 81
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Writing A | Read the example of a comparison of two items based on the advertisements below. Answer the questions that follow. Tell a partner.
The Silver Espresso Maker sounds good because it has an extra attachment for cappuccinos, but it only makes four cups of coffee and does not come with a free bag of coffee beans. The Black Espresso Maker makes more cups of coffee and has a grinder, but it’s more expensive than the silver one. •
What is one thing the writer likes about the Silver Espresso Maker?
•
What is one thing the writer does not like about the Black Espresso Maker?
•
What do you think about the two espresso makers?
Silver Espresso Maker Sleek espresso maker with extra milk-frothing component for cappuccinos Makes four cups Includes an automatic self-cleaning program for the components Made in Switzerland Buy now and get a free coffee bean grinder $250, available online only
Large, six-cup espresso maker Built-in coffee bean grinder Includes a special water filter to purify water before making coffee Can also dispense hot water to make tea Features an energy-saving mode $350, purchase online or in store Made in Italy Buy now and get a free bag of espresso beans
Write your own comparison of the items based on the details in the ads. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you.
B|
Black Espresso Maker
EXPRESS YOURSELF! s good The ___ sound s with… because it come lfan automatic se . cleaning program filter to a special water purify.
but it … can only be bough t online. costs $350.
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UNIT
9
DO YOU REMEMBER?
UNIT GOALS In this unit, you will practice the following: Vocabulary Memories
Reading Waiting for love?
Conversation Looking at old photos that bring back memories
Listening People talking about cherished memories
Pronunciation Stressing content words
Speaking Talking about a time or event that is special to you
Grammar Defining relative clauses with object pronouns: who, that, where
Writing Writing about a special childhood place
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Vocabulary | Memories A|
Read. Make notes to understand the meanings. Then listen and practice. anniversary conference cookies elementary school hospital propose resort senior year of college village wedding reception
B | Look at the pictures. Choose the correct word(s) to complete each sentence. 1
My grandmother used to make those hospitals / cookies / conferences.
2
Terrance reception / elementary / proposed that night.
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3
My parents met at that hospital / conference / wedding reception.
5
My mother was born at that conference / wedding reception / hospital.
7
We stayed at that anniversary / village / resort last summer.
4
The band that played that song at Martha and Mickey’s senior year / cookies / wedding reception was wonderful.
6
I lived with those people during my senior year / graduation / elementary school of college.
8
We went to that store for our anniversary / conference / cookies. DO YOU REMEMBER? 85
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9
10
D|
I went to that elementary / senior year / conference school.
Listen and practice saying the sentences in B.
Take turns asking and answering the questions with a partner. Ask your partner questions to get more information.
C|
My grandfather comes from that village / reception / conference in Italy.
1
Where were you born?
3
Where did you go to elementary school?
2
Where did your parents meet?
4
Have you ever been to a wedding reception?
My parents met while they were in college. My dad was taking a French class, but he wasn’t very good at it. My mom was majoring in French, so she offered to tutor him. Eventually, they started dating, and my dad proposed to her six months later.
I went to a wedding reception once. It was for my cousin Sophia. The bridesmaids wore really colorful dresses, and there was a lot of dancing. I think there were about 200 people there! I still love looking at all the pictures from that day.
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Conversation A|
Read and listen to the conversation.
Look at this old photo where we were Sammie dancing at Aunt Claire’s wedding reception.
David
That is old. We were in elementary school. Oh, wow! The haircut that you had then was so funny.
Sammie Well, look at the expression that you had on your face. You didn’t like dancing. David
I loved to dance. But that was the moment that you stepped on my foot. Look at our feet in the photo. Your foot is the one that’s on my foot!
Sammie Whatever. Here’s a photo of the band that Mom sang in during college. David
That woman isn’t Mom. It’s a woman who looks like Mom.
Sammie That’s our mother when she went to college in the ’90s. David
Are those the kind of clothes that people wore in the ’90s?
Sammie Wait. There’s a note that someone wrote on the back of the photo. David
What does it say?
Sammie Collette. 1964. David
Collette? That’s not Mom. That’s Mom’s mom!
Sammie That’s the band that Grandmother sang in!
B | Read the sentences. Write T (true) or F (false). 1 ____ Sammie and David are dancing in the old photo. 2 ____ Sammie and David's mom went to college in the 1990s. 3 ____ Collette is Sammie and David's mother.
C | Practice the conversation with a partner.
Pronunciation | Stressing content words A|
Listen. Notice the stress of the words in bold. Then practice.
That’s the resort that we went to for our vacation. That’s the city that my mother comes from in China. They’re the people who we saw at the restaurant last night. The man that I met at the conference lives in Toronto. The hospital where my grandfather was born used to be right here.
B | Find more sentences with this type of stress. Practice. DO YOU REMEMBER? 87
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Grammar | Defining relative clauses with object pronouns: who, that, where A|
Read and listen to the grammar presentation. Object clauses with who, that Those are the cookies (that) my grandmother used to make. I love the song (that) the band played at Ellie and Jason’s wedding reception. I remember the night (that) he proposed. The woman (who / that) my brother loves lives in Italy. Object clauses featuring verbs with prepositions
TIP Omitting the relative pronoun When the relative pronoun is the object of the clause, we can drop the relative pronoun if we want to. Verbs with prepositions Some relative clauses contain certain verbs with prepositions: go to come from live with stay in
That’s the restaurant (that) we went to for our anniversary. We met the people (who / that) I lived with during my senior year of college. That’s the village (that) my grandfather comes from in Italy. That’s the elementary school (that) I went to. We went to the resort (that) we stayed in last summer. Object clauses with where That’s the hospital where my mother was born. We saw the house where my grandmother grew up.
B | Choose the correct word to complete the sentences. 1 That’s the place who / where we first met. 2 Is that the house where / that your dad grew up in? 3 I want to go back to the park who / that I went to when I was little. 4 That’s the woman who / where we met at our cousin’s wedding. 5 That’s the car that / where I drove when I first got my license. 6 I saw the boy who / where I went to school with when I was in elementary school.
C | Look at the conversation on page 87. Underline all the relative clauses. D| • • • • •
Take turns telling a partner about the following. Use defining relative clauses with object pronouns.
a special restaurant that you went to a special teacher that you liked an old friend who you ran into recently a special vacation that you still think about a place where something special happened
Mr. Richards is a teacher that I really liked in elementary school. He’s the reason that I decided to become a teacher myself.
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Reading A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. dated
move on
join the army
next door
knock on
shipped out
lost touch
spouse
B | Read the article.
Waiting for love? Alice was 16 when she met Gordon. They dated for a while in high school. Then Gordon joined the army. He was shipped out right after graduation. Gordon and Alice wrote each other for a while, but they eventually lost touch. Alice met another man and had two children. Gordon met a nice woman and had children as well. As more time passed, the children grew up and both Alice and Gordon lost their spouses. At age 72, someone knocked on Alice’s door. It was Gordon! He had looked her up on the internet and found out where she lived. They started dating again. A year later, they got married. Steven and Myra grew up next door to each other. They were good friends when they were little. They started dating when they were 13. When they were 15, Steven’s family moved to China. Myra and Steven both moved on with their lives. They got good jobs and had good lives, but neither of them ever married. Twenty years later, Myra and Steven connected on a social media site. They talked for a while online. Then they talked on the phone. Finally, they decided to meet. They met at a restaurant near where they grew up. They talked all night. Steven proposed at the same restaurant a year later.
C | Read the sentences. Choose the correct couple. 1 Alice and Gordon / Steven and Myra met when they were 16. 2 Alice and Gordon / Steven and Myra grew up together. 3 Alice and Gordon / Steven and Myra got back together when they were in their thirties. 4 Alice and Gordon / Steven and Myra got back together when they were in their seventies. 5 Alice and Gordon / Steven and Myra got married to other people and had children. 6 Alice and Gordon / Steven and Myra never married other people. DO YOU REMEMBER? 89
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Listening A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. sailing
almonds
surrounded by
grass
trout
lovely
villa
C|
B|
adopt
Listen. Write the number of the description next to the correct picture. a ______
b ______
c ______
d ______
Listen again. Choose the correct answers.
1 Paul’s sister is four years younger / older than him. Patsy / Mandy is the dog that they adopted when he was a kid. 2 Sandra is the friend that Tess tutored / lived with in college. The men in the picture are the ones that they married / dated in college. 3 Gustavo is making a dish that his grandmother / mother taught him to make. She used to say that a man who can cook will always be able to find a job / be surrounded by friends. 4 Valentina is looking at the town where her father / grandfather was born. They used to go swimming / go sailing in the Adriatic Sea. 90 UNIT 9
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Speaking Choose one of the topics. Prepare notes for your answer. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you prepare.
A|
Talk about a special time that you remember well.
Talk about a special event that you remember well.
OR
EXPRESS YOURSELF!
Once I was kayaking along the shoreline of the ocean with friends when suddenly, porpoises were swimming along side us, jumping in and out of the water. I will never forget that day.
Last May I went to my cousin’s wedding. The whole family was there. We hadn’t all been together for like ten years, so it was really special.
A special event that I remember well is my graduation. I worked so hard for so many years that it was a very special occasion for me.
Talk about your topic with a partner. Ask your partner questions to get more information.
B|
One time I was driving on a country road at night. I pulled over for a break, and the stars were so amazing that I laid on the hood of the car and just looked at the sky for a while. It was magical.
Did you see any other wildlife?
Was there a big dinner?
What did you get your degree in?
DO YOU REMEMBER? 91
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Writing A | Read the example. Answer the questions that follow. Tell a partner.
A place that I remember from my childhood is my grandfather’s basement. I used to visit my grandparents for the holidays. My grandfather always invited me to watch him work. I’d get to help out, too. It was a quiet space except for his old records. He’d hum to himself while he worked. I can’t go back to that house now. It’s been sold. What did the writer and his grandfather do in the basement?
•
Does the writer still go to visit his/her grandparents at that house?
•
Do you have a special memory about a place from your childhood?
B|
Write about a special childhood place. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you.
•
EXPRESS YOURSELF!
. cial to me e p s s a w ___ backyard y m in e e A tr nd in my A playgrou d oo neighborh n a’s kitche m d n a r g My
I used to… swing for hours. read my book. hang out with my co usins.
e… k becaus c a b o g ’t I still/can ill own the t s s t n e r my pa e house. isn’t ther d n u o r g y the pla . anymore. the house ld o s a m my grand
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UNIT
10
A CHANGING WORLD
UNIT GOALS In this unit, you will practice the following: Vocabulary Environmental and conservation issues
Reading Enough energy for everyone
Conversation Arguing and teasing about climate change
Listening People discussing environmental issues
Pronunciation Pauses in non-defining relative clauses
Speaking Talking about an environmental issue
Grammar Non-defining relative clauses with who, which, where Adverbial clauses of cause with because, since, so
Writing Writing about your city’s conservation efforts
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Vocabulary | Environmental and conservation issues A|
Read. Make notes to understand the meanings. Then listen and practice. animals are endangered climate is changing demand for energy is going up glaciers are melting habitats are disappearing large metropolitan areas are in danger more typhoons and hurricanes ocean levels are rising oil prices are increasing oil production is going down
B | Look at the pictures. Choose the correct word(s) to complete each sentence. 1
Land in many places is drying out because the price / danger / climate is changing.
3
Since the supply is running out, oil habitat / climate / production is going down.
2
The Amur leopard, which lives in Russia, is endangered / melting / going up.
4
Animal typhoons / levels / habitats are disappearing because big cities are growing.
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5
6
People are using more and more electricity, so the climate / demand / level for energy is going up.
7
8
There are more typhoons / habitats / pollution, which can cause terrible damage.
9
D|
Some polar animals depend on typhoons / glaciers / hurricanes, which are melting.
10
Ocean habitats / resources / levels are rising because the average global temperature has gone up.
C|
Some large glacier / hurricane / metropolitan areas are in danger because of air pollution.
Demand is high, so oil prices are disappearing / increasing / in danger.
Listen and practice saying the sentences in B. Which situations in A make you feel the most concerned? Tell a partner. The thing I’m most concerned about is the fact there are more big storms like typhoons and hurricanes. I’m a farmer, and if there’s too much rain, I can’t grow food. It’s scary.
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Conversation A|
Read and listen to the conversation. It’s really hot today.
Hana Bruno Hana
It’s summer. Of course it’s hot. Actually, it’s really hot because the climate is changing.
Bruno Hana
Hana, please. Don’t be so dramatic. Just eat some ice cream. Bruno, climate change is serious. Ocean levels are rising because glaciers are melting. So the beach is closer now because ocean levels are rising.
Bruno Hana
You don’t get it, do you? Animals which live along the coast are becoming endangered.
Bruno Hana
Well, we don’t need to worry because we don’t live along the coast. People who live in large cities like New York are also in danger because sea levels are rising.
Bruno
So I won’t go to large cities. Ah, but you don’t like tornadoes, or hurricanes, or thunderstorms.
Hana
What does that have to do with climate change?
Bruno
High temperatures, which are caused by the warmer climate, mean more tornadoes, and more hurricanes, and more big thunderstorms.
Hana
Hana, this is serious. It is really hot, isn’t it? And those clouds, which are really scary, look like tornado clouds.
Bruno Hana
Who’s being dramatic now?
B | Read the sentences. Write T (true) or F (false). 1 ____ Ocean levels don’t rise because of climate change. 2 ____ Rising sea levels affect large cities along the coast. 3 ____ Climate change causes more tornadoes and hurricanes.
C | Practice the conversation with a partner.
Pronunciation | Pauses in non-defining relative clauses A|
Listen. Notice the pauses in the non-defining relative clauses. Then practice.
Venice, which is located only one meter above sea level, is in danger from rising ocean levels.
Chimpanzees, which live in the forests of Africa, are becoming endangered.
B | Find more sentences with non-defining relative clauses. Practice. 96 UNIT 10
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Grammar | Non-defining relative clauses with who, which, where A|
Read and listen to the grammar presentation. Venice, which is located only one meter above sea level, is in danger from rising ocean levels. Chimpanzees, which live in the forests of Africa, are becoming endangered. Jane Goodall, who is a global animal activist, has written many articles and books about the problem.
TIP Use who to describe people. Use which to describe other nouns. Use where to describe places.
Masdar City, which is located in Abu Dhabi, is one of the most sustainable communities on the planet. Solar power, which is power obtained by using the energy of the sun’s rays, is widely used in Germany. The glaciers are melting in Antarctica, where millions of penguins live.
B | Choose the correct word to complete the sentences. 1 Amur leopards, which / where live in northeastern China, are critically endangered. 2 Theodore Roosevelt, who / which was the president of the United States between 1901 and 1909, was also a famous environmentalist. 3 Barcelona, who / where I grew up, is one of the most eco-friendly cities in the world. 4 Pollution, which / who causes all kinds of health problems, is a big concern right now. 5 Organic produce, who / which is fruit and vegetables grown without any chemicals, is preferred by many consumers. 6 Rachael Ray, which / who is a famous American chef and talk show host, is also a big animal activist.
Make up sentences about each of the topics using non-defining relative clauses. Tell a partner.
C| •
an endangered animal
•
a recent or famous storm
• a place where climate change is visible • an environmental or animal rights activist •
Copenhagen, which is the capital of Denmark, is one of the most eco-friendly cities in the world. More than 60% of people here commute to work or school by bike every day.
an eco-friendly city
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Adverbial clauses of cause with because, since, so
D|
Read and listen to the grammar presentation.
Since more ice is melting, polar bears aren’t able to find food. Because oil production is going down, oil prices are going up. Animals are becoming endangered since they are losing their habitats. There are more typhoons and hurricanes because the climate is changing around the world.
TIP Because and since can be used in the same way. They can come at the beginning of the sentence (before the cause) or in the middle of the sentence (after the result). Because / Since more ice is melting, polar bears aren’t able to find food. So comes in the middle of the sentence (after the cause). Polar bears can’t find food, so the population is going down.
Polar bears aren’t able to find food, so their population is going down.
E | Choose the correct word to complete the sentences. 1 Some animals are becoming extinct because / so people are hunting and trapping them. 2 Since / So some people are careless with campfires and cigarettes, a large number of forest fires start every year. 3 Oceans become polluted because / so people dump waste products and garbage into them. 4 Coral reefs are damaged since / so the ocean is polluted. 5 Because / So our health is affected by what we eat, we should all eat a balanced diet. 6 Some people don’t have a good diet, because / so they become sick.
F|
Make up sentences of your own using the words below and clauses with because, since, so. Tell a partner.
climate
habitats
demand
pollution
endangered
prices
energy
production
The demand for energy has been going up, so we need to find cleaner ways to get the energy we need.
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Reading A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. absorb
insulator
benefit
reduce
clear path
remove
complex
renewable
decrease
resources
economic
runoff
B | Read the article.
Enough energy for everyone People are more concerned about the environment than ever before. There are many ways to use renewable energy resources for your home. You can use these things to make your home more environmentally friendly and reduce your energy costs. Green Roofs A green roof can be as simple as a roof garden or as complex as a roof planted with grass and plants. Green roofs absorb heat and act as insulators for buildings. They can also decrease air pollution and decrease storm water runoff in cities. Solar Panels Adding solar panels to your home can help reduce the cost of energy. They may be able to provide all of the energy you need. You might even be able to give some back to your city or town. Many places in Europe are already using solar panels for environmental and economic benefit. Wind Turbines If you live outside the city and have a lot of land, a wind turbine might be the best way to get your energy. A wind turbine can save you money, and it’s good for the environment, but it won’t work if you don’t have a clear path for the wind. You might need to remove some trees to make a wind turbine work. There are companies all over that can help you find the right renewable energy source for your home.
C | Complete the sentences. Write GR (Green roofs), SP (Solar panels), or WT (Wind turbines).
1 _______ help red uce air pollution. 2 _______ can provide all the energy you need. 3 You need a lot of land for _______. 4 _______ act as insulators. 5 _______ create so much energy you might produce extra. 6 You might have to cut down trees for _______ to work. A CHANGING WORLD 99
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Listening A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. build-up
greenhouse gases
coal
honeybees
damage
influences
dependent on
jet stream
disappear
light bulbs
emissions
nervous system
generated
pesticides
genius
polar ice caps
global warming
replace
B|
C|
Listen. Write the number of the speaker next to the correct picture. a ______
b ______
c ______
d ______
Listen again. Then match the two halves of the sentences.
1
___ M elanie explains that the polar ice caps are melting,
a which causes the ocean’s temperature to rise.
2
___ Keith supports solar power,
b because pesticides damage their nervous system.
3
___ Carrie says honeybees are dying
c which uses cells to turn the sun’s rays into electricity.
4
___ O tto thinks everyone should use energy-saving light bulbs
d because they help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
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Speaking Choose one of the topics. Prepare notes for your answer. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you prepare.
A|
Talk about a problem that concerns a friend or family member.
OR
Talk about a problem that concerns you.
EXPRESS YOURSELF! I’m worried about ocean levels rising because the ice caps are melting. Cities such as Venice have already experienced flooding because of it.
My sister recently bought an electric car because she’s concerned about exhaust fumes contributing to global warming.
My uncle, who lives in Australia, is worried about the drought. Crops die and people don’t have enough clean water.
Talk about your topic with a partner. Ask your partner questions to get more information.
B|
I am concerned that animals such as elephants and gorillas are in danger of becoming extinct because hunters kill them.
Why do hunters kill them?
Does she find it difficult to keep charged?
Is your uncle personally affected by the problem? A CHANGING WORLD 101
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Writing A | Read the example. Answer the questions that follow. Tell a partner.
My city has been making some efforts to be more “green.” For one, it has started a river cleanup program, which will take several years to complete. The city has also started to use hybrid and electric buses, which will help reduce gas emissions. And the recycling program, which once was very small, now covers all zip codes. Finally, because traffic congestion is a big issue since we only have one main highway, the mayor is offering incentives for people to bike to work or take public transportation. Why is the city now using hybrid and electric buses?
•
Has the recycling program improved in the writer’s city?
•
What is your city doing to be more “green”?
B|
Think about ways your city is making efforts to be more “green.” Research and then write about how the city is addressing environmental concerns. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you.
•
EXPRESS YOURSELF!
rted … It has sta tic water bottles. s to ban pla r plastic grocery fo to charge bags. es. g initiativ n li o o p r a c
It has also… created more gree n spaces. been encouraging m ore “green” rooftops. invested in more win d energy.
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Vocabulary | Match the parts to make the correct words. Then complete the sentences. aged lasses
air lot
cious osed
cof port
confe prop
deli rence
ding su
eng sung
fee tery
it wed
I went to the 1_____________________ to pick up my sister, Susan. I had bought an extra-large airport 2_____________________ to drink on the way there. I went to this amazing place that sells great coffee and 3_____________________ pastries…. Anyway, I arrived at the airport a little early, so I parked the car and went to the baggage claim to wait for her. When she got there, she was smiling—she looked like she had just won the 4_____________________! “I have a little surprise for you,” she said. “Do you see that man over there wearing 5_____________________ and a gray 6___________________?” Then she showed me that she was wearing a ring. “That’s Paul,” she said. “I met him at a 7___________________ about six months ago and we’ve been dating. Well, he 8___________________ yesterday. We’re 9___________________, and I want you to help me plan the 10__________________!” “Susan, dear,” I said, “that is not a little surprise!”
Grammar | Find the error. Write the correct sentence. 1 He may not have take his keys with him. ________________________________________________________________________________ 2 She couldn’t has forgotten to set her alarm. ________________________________________________________________________________ 3 I should brought my phone charger with me. ________________________________________________________________________________ 4 I had already ate lunch, so I wasn’t hungry. ________________________________________________________________________________ 5 The woman which has long hair is my cousin. ________________________________________________________________________________ 6 That’s the town where my father comes from. ________________________________________________________________________________ 7 The package arrived by courier was from my mom. ________________________________________________________________________________ 8 I live in Boston which is about three hours from here. ________________________________________________________________________________ 9 So climate is changing, there is less snow in the winter. ________________________________________________________________________________ 10 It was so hot yesterday, since we decided to go to the beach. ________________________________________________________________________________
Check Yourself | How well do you know it? Circle the correct rating for yourself. Units 6–10 Vocabulary
Units 6–10 Grammar
RE VIE W, AS SE S S, C ON N EC T & E X TEN D UNIT S 6–10
REVIEW, ASSESS, CONNECT & EXTEND
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RE VIEW, ASSESS, CONNECT & E X TEND UNIT S 6–10
REVIEW, ASSESS, CONNECT & EXTEND Role play A|W ork with a partner. Choose one of the situations. Role-play a dialogue. 1
2
You’re giving an important presentation to a group of clients. You’ve just realized that your laptop charger isn’t in your bag. Your laptop battery is at 10%. Explain your problem to a colleague and try to figure out a plan.
Tell a friend about a wedding you went to. Explain how the couple met and when they got engaged. Describe the wedding reception, such as the music, the food, how many people were there, and whether you enjoyed it or not.
3
4
You’re a salesperson at an electronics store, and a customer who has come in is looking for a new phone. Present different options and give details about how they’re similar and different. Help the customer choose a phone.
Every day you read articles about climate change and you’re wondering what you can do to help. Tell a friend about your concern, and discuss some ways you can help the environment in your local community.
B|W ork with a different partner. Role-play one of the other situations.
Try it out S peculate about why one of your friends didn’t come to class today.
mail a co-worker and explain why E you need to reschedule a meeting.
I wonder where Kevin is. He never misses this class… Hi! Clifford is stuck in traffic and he won’t be here until this afternoon, so I’m going to have to reschedule our meeting…
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UNIT
11
MY PATH
UNIT GOALS In this unit, you will practice the following: Vocabulary Life events
Reading Follow your passion
Conversation Talking to someone who got a new job
Listening People talking about their journey to their current career
Pronunciation Final /əl/ Grammar Adverbial clauses of time: after, before, when, since, while, whenever
Speaking Discussing your background Writing Writing about a life event of a friend or family member 105
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Vocabulary | Life events A|
Read. Make notes to understand the meanings. Then listen and practice. applied for employment at a lot of companies got accepted at a local university got an internship at a publishing firm grew up in a rural area received a bachelor’s degree in architecture relocated to Los Angeles studied abroad for my master’s degree wanted to be an engineer was offered a job at a major corporation worked my way through college
B | Look at the pictures. Choose the correct word to complete each sentence. 1
Since I was a kid, I’ve always wanted to be an educator / examiner / engineer.
2
After I graduated from high school, I got accepted / taken / connected at a local university.
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3
While I was studying, I worked my way / career / days through college.
5
After I graduated, I went / applied / wanted for employment at a lot of companies.
7
I lived off-campus while I studied abroad / around / across for my master’s degree.
4
When I was young, I grew up in a farm / agriculture / rural area.
6
Before we relocated / arrived / left to Los Angeles, we lived in Mexico City.
8
She was working for a small business when she was offered a job at a major cooperation / corporation / communication. MY PATH 107
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9
10
D|
C|
After I received a bachelor’s degree in internship / My days have been very exciting since I got / architecture / engineer, I began designing houses wanted / applied an internship at a publishing for clients. firm.
Listen and practice saying the sentences in B. How do the items in A relate to your life so far? Tell a partner. I haven’t wanted to be an engineer. Maybe that’s because I’m not great at math! But I have always wanted to be a graphic designer. I’m taking design classes now, and hopefully I’ll be able to get an internship with a company.
I definitely grew up in a rural area. My hometown only has about 2,000 people in it, and it’s surrounded by farms. I prefer living in big cities now. Maybe I’ll want to live in a rural area again someday, but not yet!
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Conversation A|
Read and listen to the conversation.
Tia
It’s great to have you working with us. Where are you from?
Jim Tia
Thank you, Tia. I’m from Scotland. Wow. I love your accent. It’s a funny Scottish accent. I come from a rural area in Scotland. When I was a kid, I always tried to lose my accent.
Jim Tia
Did you travel a lot or study abroad?
Jim Tia
I didn’t travel a lot when I was a kid, but I’ve lived abroad since I started college. I’ve lived in Los Angeles since I was four. And that’s good because I’ve always wanted to make movies. While I was in college in Florida, I wanted to be an engineer.
Jim Tia
Why did you apply for this job then? We make movies. Ha. Ha. Ha. I know that. Before I got my bachelor’s degree in engineering, I got an internship at Disney World in Orlando.
Jim Tia
Now I’m starting to understand.
Jim Tia
While I was working in Orlando, I discovered I love making movies. And so you moved to Los Angeles.
Jim
After I graduated college, I started to apply for movie-making jobs all over the world. When I was offered this job, I moved to Los Angeles.
B | Choose the correct answers. 1 Where is Jim from? a Scotland 2
b Los Angeles c Florida
What did Jim want to be when he was in college?
a an engineer b a bachelor c a student 3
Why is Jim living in the same city as Tia?
a He married Tia.
b He went to college with Tia. c He was offered a job in Los Angeles.
C | Practice the conversation with a partner.
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Pronunciation | Final /əl/ A|
Listen. Notice the sounds of the letters in bold. Then practice.
rural
local
little
travel
hospital
bottle
B | Find more words with these sounds. Practice.
Grammar | Adverbial clauses of time: after, before, when, since, while, whenever A|
Read and listen to the grammar presentation. Since I was a kid, I’ve always liked to see how things work. Whenever I got a new toy, I always opened it up to see how it worked. When I was young, I wanted to be an engineer. While I was in college, I got an internship. Before I graduated from college, I started looking for engineering jobs. After I got a job, I moved to Los Angeles.
TIP Adverbs of time after = later than that time before = earlier than that time when = at that time since = from that time to the present while = during that time whenever = anytime
B | Choose the correct word to complete the sentences. 1 I’ve lived in Hong Kong when / since / while I graduated from college. 2 I worked part-time after / since / while I was studying in college to pay for my tuition. 3 I got a teaching job after / since / while I graduated from college. 4 Before / Since / Whenever I got homesick, I called my mother. 5 Before / When / While I found out that I got accepted to one of the top universities, my family and I celebrated. 6 Before / Since / Whenever I started working for the company, I took a month off and traveled around the world.
C | Look at the conversation on page 109. Underline all the adverbial clauses of time. D|
Make up sentences of your own. Tell a partner. Your partner will ask follow-up questions. Since I was a kid, I’ve 1 Since I was a kid, I’ve always wanted to always wanted to be an ________________________________. astronaut.
2 Whenever I felt sad or upset as a kid, I ________________________________. 3 Before I started this class, I used to ________________________________. 4 After I graduated from high school, I ________________________________. 110 UNIT 11
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Reading A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. call in sick
get out of college
down time
horrible
end up
manuscript
finance
passion
get a scholarship
workshop
B | Read the article.
Follow your passion When I was little, I always loved to read and play with words. We never had much money growing up, and I realized that I wouldn’t make much money being a writer. I did well in school, and I got a scholarship to college, but I didn’t study writing. I ended up at business school. I wanted a job that made money. When I got out of college, I started working for a good international company. I did a lot of traveling for work. I had no friends and no down time, but I made a lot of money. I worked at that job for five years. Then, one Sunday when I had some free time, I started writing. After that, I tried to make every Sunday a writing day. After a few months, I had written over 200 pages. After a year, I had finished the story. I worked at my horrible job every day just so I could get to Sunday and write. I started sending the manuscript to publishers. Then I started calling in sick at work to go to writing workshops. Finally, I quit my job so I could spend more time on writing. I never went back to working in finance. I have published three books. I love writing. Quitting my job to follow my passion was the best thing I ever did.
C | Read the sentences. Write T (true) or F (false). 1 ____ The writer loves words. 2 ____ The writer studied writing in college. 3 ____ The writer traveled a lot for work. 4 ____ The writer loved working in finance for an international company. 5 ____ The writer started writing on Sundays. 6 ____ The writer still works in finance.
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Listening A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. radiologist
clinic
research
gadget
robotics
medical field
save a life
paramedic
take apart
C|
B|
attend
Listen. Write the number of the speaker next to the correct picture. a ______
b ______
c ______
d ______
Listen again. Choose the correct answers.
1 Before she graduated from high school, Kamilah worked as an intern at a hospital / researched different jobs in the medical field. Now she works as a radiologist / paramedic. 2 When Andrei was a kid, he loved to draw and build things / take things apart. After one year as an intern, he got a job as an architect / a robotics engineer. 3 When Kanye was in college, he won a scholarship to attend medical school in Kenya / England. Now he works as a paramedic / radiologist. 4 Zahara has always loved to draw and build things / help people. After she graduated from college, she went to medical school / studied abroad for her master’s degree. 112 UNIT 11
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Speaking Choose one of the topics. Prepare notes for your answer. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you prepare.
A|
Talk about the background of a friend or family member.
OR
Talk about your background.
EXPRESS YOURSELF!
In college, I got my certificate to teach middle school math. But I’ve always been passionate about drama, so I now I’m a performing arts teacher instead.
My mom has always loved gardening, so recently she became certified as a Master Gardener. Now she does landscape design for local businesses.
My brother-in-law is a parts manager at a motorcycle shop. He has a degree in English and taught for a year, but he didn’t like it. He’s passionate about motorcycles, so this job is a better fit.
Talk about your topic with a partner. Ask your partner questions to get more information.
B|
After high school, I got certified as a pastry chef at a culinary school. After that, I did some apprenticeships in France. And now, I’m a pastry chef at a local bakery.
What’s your favorite type of pastry to make?
How long does it take to become a Master Gardener?
What kind of motorcycle does he ride? MY PATH 113
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Writing A | Read the example. Answer the questions that follow. Tell a partner.
My Aunt Julia worked hard her whole life. She was my favorite relative. When I was young, my Dad would take us to visit her. She was always happy to see us, even when she was tired from working. Aunt Julia married when she was very young. She and her husband moved from a small town to a larger city. They had two children. Their children lived near them most of their lives. My Aunt Julia worked in an office, but she was also a great seamstress. She enjoyed sewing dresses and making costumes for me. After her husband passed away, she moved to Florida. We visited her when we could. I think she was happy with her life. It wasn’t easy, but she had many friends and family members who loved her, and she had her sewing. What was Aunt Julia’s job?
•
What did Aunt Julia do in her free time?
•
Do you know a friend or family member with an interesting life story?
B|
Write about a friend or member of your family. Describe his or her path, including important life experiences. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you.
•
EXPRESS YOURSELF! lived in / used s a h ) t n u (a y M to live in… ces around different pla the world. ce his/her the same pla whole life. ity. a different c
He/She is a(n)… dentist. musician. mechanic.
lways He/She (has) a loved to … nature. take pictures of travel. mily. cook for the fa
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UNIT
12
OUT OF CHARACTER
UNIT GOALS In this unit, you will practice the following: Vocabulary Adventurous activities
Reading What are you afraid of?
Conversation Talking about being adventurous
Listening People talking about how they conquered a fear
Pronunciation Different ways to pronounce -ough
Speaking Talking about a time when you took a risk
Grammar Adverbial clauses of contrast: although, even though, though, while
Writing Writing about your biggest fear
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Vocabulary | Adventurous activities A|
Read. Make notes to understand the meanings. Then listen and practice. act in a play be afraid of heights enter a weightlifting competition give a speech go surfing go to the movies alone run a marathon take a language course abroad train as a chef use an online dating site
B | Look at the pictures. Choose the correct word to complete each sentence. 1
2
Though she’s a grandmother, she runs a Even though he seems a bit shy, he acted in a tournament / contestant / marathon / hurricane marvelous play / short / filming / director at the every year. community center. 116 UNIT 12
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3
Although she swears she doesn’t like computers, she used an online dancing / doing / debating / dating site for the first time last week.
5
4
He climbs mountains every weekend even though he’s afraid of highs / heights / tops / above!
6
While she’s the most social person I know, she went While he doesn’t usually like to travel, he did take to the movies alone / above / debating / dancing a language course across / around / abroad / last Friday. surfing.
7
8
Though he’s very busy, he goes surfing / kayaking She burnt our dinner even though she trained as a / rafting / diving whenever he can. dancer / weightlifter / chef / speaker. OUT OF CHARACTER 117
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9
10
D|
C|
While he doesn’t like being in front of an audience, he gave an excellent surf / dance / relay / speech.
He entered a relay / marathon / triathlon / weightlifting competition although he’s still in high school.
Listen and practice saying the sentences in B. Which of the activities in A are you most likely to try? Tell a partner.
I’d like to try running a marathon someday. I go running most mornings, and I really enjoy it. But running a marathon is different. You have to train for months to do something like that.
I would love to train to be a chef. I cook a lot of different kinds of food at home, but I’ve never had any real training. I like to find new recipes online, and I watch a lot of cooking shows on TV.
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Conversation A| Bo
Read and listen to the conversation. Carol, although we just met last month, you seem different to me. Yes, it’s true. While we’ve been dating, I’ve decided to be more adventurous.
Carol Bo
So this is the adventurous Carol?
Carol Bo
Exactly. I started being adventurous just before I met you. Really? Yes. While I don’t like meeting people online, I did go on an online dating site…and I met you there!
Carol Bo
Being adventurous is good for you…and me. Exactly. And even though I’ve never trained for a marathon, I ran a marathon last month in the desert with my cousin.
Carol Bo
That’s definitely adventurous.
Carol Bo
And although I’m afraid of heights, I went rock climbing last week with Dave. Wait. Who’s Dave?
Carol Bo
And though I had never surfed, I went surfing with Dave yesterday. Who is Dave? And why are you seeing him so often?
Carol Bo
Bo, you just said being adventurous is good. I know but…Carol, who’s this Dave?
Carol Bo
Don’t worry. Dave is my cousin. Oh. Well, like I said, being adventurous is good.
B | Read the sentences. Write T (true) or F (false). 1 ____ Bo and Carol are dating. 2 ____ Carol has been running marathons for a long time. 3 ____ Carol is afraid of heights. 4 ____ Carol went surfing with her cousin.
C | Practice the conversation with a partner. OUT OF CHARACTER 119
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Pronunciation | Different ways to pronounce -ough A|
Listen. Notice the pronunciation of the letters in bold. Then practice.
though
through
cough
brought
enough
B | Find more words with -ough. Practice.
Grammar | Adverbial clauses of contrast: although, even though, though, while A|
Read and listen to the grammar presentation. Although I was never trained as a chef, I have always loved cooking.
TIP
Even though I’m afraid of heights, I went to the top of the Empire State Building. Though she seems a bit shy, she actually sings at a jazz club every Friday. While I am more athletic, my brother is more artistic.
although, even though, though We use although, even though, and though to contrast two opposite meanings (positive and negative). while We use while to contrast two opposite facts. There are usually two different subjects in a sentence with while.
B | Choose the correct word to complete the sentences. 1 Even though / While I’m afraid of heights, I want to try bungee jumping. 2 Although / While my brother prefers snowboarding, I prefer skiing. 3 Though / While Lynn is very shy, she is studying to be an actress. 4 Even though / While Thomas was very nervous and scared, he asked Jenny to go to the dance with him. 5 Though / While I like to go out and see friends on weekends, my husband likes to stay home and relax. 6 Although / While Allen likes to play football, Tom prefers to watch it on TV.
C | Look at the conversation on page 119. Underline all the adverbial clauses of contrast. D|
Complete the sentences with information of your own. Tell a partner. Your partner will ask follow-up questions.
1 Even though I’m afraid of _________________ ,
I ____________________________________ .
2 Though I don’t really like _________________ ,
Even though I’m afraid of spiders, I tried holding one. I’m glad I faced my fear, but I don’t need to do that again!
I tried ________________________________ .
3 Although I’m not good at _________________ ,
I really like _____________________________ .
4 While I prefer __________________________ ,
my best friend prefers ___________________ .
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Reading A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. allow
overcome
animal shelter
rock climbing
bite
rope
ever since
sweet
high floor
terrified
B | Read the article.
What are you afraid of? Amanda I have always been afraid of heights. For a long time, I couldn’t stay on high floors in hotels, I couldn’t fly, and I couldn’t even go over a bridge. One day, my friends wanted to take me rock climbing. I thought I would just watch them climb, but then they told me I could climb without going up high. I tried it and loved it. Later, even though I was terrified to climb high, I tried it. The rope made me feel safe. After that, I slowly started to overcome my fear of heights. Rock climbing was the best thing I could have tried! William When I was little, a dog bit me. The dog had hurt his leg. Though he was friendly, he was really upset when he bit me. Although I know that most dogs are friendly and would never bite, I have been afraid of dogs ever since. I am a runner. Most places where I run allow dogs, and many of my friends have dogs. So I started volunteering at the local animal shelter. First, I worked with only cats, but soon I started to work with dogs. I met some very sweet dogs. After you see dogs that have been through so much and are still really sweet, it is hard to be scared of them.
C | Read the sentences. Write T (true) or F (false). 1 ____ Amanda is afraid of heights. 2 ____ William is afraid of rock climbing. 3 ____ William is afraid of dogs. 4 ____ Amanda’s friends have dogs. 5 ____ Amanda thinks rock climbing is the worst thing she could have tried. 6 ____ William volunteered at an animal shelter.
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Listening A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. shore
give a speech
shy
observation deck
single
shark
view
C|
Listen. Write the number of the speaker next to the correct picture. a ______
b ______
c ______
d ______
Listen again. Who said it? Write the number of the speaker next to the correct sentence.
B|
drown
1 ___ I didn’t enjoy the experience. 2 ___ I still don’t have a girlfriend. 3 ___ I’m afraid of water. 4 ___ I’m shy. 5 ___ I’m afraid of heights. 6 ___ It was a bit scary. 7 ___ I’m happy being a single guy. 8 ___ I’m still afraid of sharks. 122 UNIT 12
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Speaking Choose one of the topics. Prepare notes for your answer. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you prepare.
A|
Talk about a time when a friend or family member took a risk.
OR
Talk about a time when you took a risk.
EXPRESS YOURSELF!
When I went to France to live, people thought I was crazy because I didn’t know anyone and didn’t speak the language. While it was a risk, I don’t regret it. I speak French now and have lots of French friends.
Even though my sister has never been very musical, she’s always wanted to learn to play an instrument, so she signed up for a marimba class. While she’s not very good at it, she really enjoys the class.
Though my dad’s afraid of water, he’s always loved sea life, so he tried to go snorkeling while on vacation in Australia. That’s a risk he regrets taking. He panicked and had to stop.
Talk about your topic with a partner. Ask your partner questions to get more information.
B|
I took a risk changing to my current career as a content editor. Although career counselors told me I didn’t have the right background, I found a company that was willing to train me anyway.
Why did you want to become an editor?
Did you work while you were there?
How long has she been playing? OUT OF CHARACTER 123
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Writing A | Read the example. Answer the questions that follow. Tell a partner.
Although I am a pretty good cook, I am afraid to enter cooking contests, but I want to because I think it would be fun. Even though I have been making wonderful meals for my large family since I was young, I’m worried about competing against much more experienced cooks. I’m thinking about taking cooking classes at a culinary school to get more professional experience. Though it may take a while, I think the effort will be worth it. Then I’ll be less afraid to enter cooking contests! What does the writer want to do?
•
What is she afraid of?
•
Is there something you want to do but are afraid to?
B|
Write about your fear and how you might overcome it. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you.
•
EXPRESS YOURSELF!
Though/
though/ ugh/Even
Altho s, While… of height id a r f a om home, r I’m f r a f g e goin I don’t lik kes, I hate sna
I want to… learn how to rappel. go live in Italy for a year. go on an eco-tour in Vietnam.
g about … e of in k in h t I’m ith the sid w g in t r a t s . a building tour first. d e id u g taking a py for my a r e h t g in gett nakes. fear of s 124 UNIT 12
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UNIT
13
PART OF THE TEAM
UNIT GOALS In this unit, you will practice the following: Vocabulary Fundraising
Reading Crowdfunding
Conversation Talking about organizing a fundraising event
Listening People talking about events they are organizing
Pronunciation Changing syllable stress in different parts of speech
Speaking Talking about organizing an event
Grammar Zero, first, and second conditional
Writing Writing about organizing a large event
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Vocabulary | Fundraising A|
Read. Make notes to understand the meanings. Then listen and practice. advertise on social media ask companies for donations conduct a fundraiser hire musicians hold an auction host an outdoor event organize volunteers put together a to-do list put up posters around town rent a large meeting space
B | Look at the pictures. Choose the correct word(s) to complete each sentence. 1
If we conduct a fundraiser / communication / rental, we could raise money to help our community.
2
Everyone likes it when we hire volunteers / companies / musicians for our events.
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3
If we organized some volunteers / communities / corporations, they could clean the parks downtown.
5
If I had the time, I’d put together a part-time / full-time / to-do list.
7
We’ll attract a lot of new customers if we advertise on social media / posters / donations.
4
It’s best if we rent a large fundraiser / corporation / meeting space for Friday.
6
When you host an outdoor space / event / donation, you need to make plans in case of bad weather.
8
Are you going to place a bid if they decide to hold a(n) auction / volunteer / list? PART OF THE TEAM 127
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9
10
D|
C|
If we put up fundraisers / social media / posters around town, they’ll probably be covered over within a week.
When you ask companies for musicians / donations / meeting space, you’ll be surprised how generous they are.
Listen and practice saying the sentences in B. Have you ever participated in a fundraiser? What did you do? Tell a partner.
Our company put together a team of people to raise funds for an Alzheimer’s charity. They have a fundraiser walk every year. Usually about 20 of us volunteer to help out with it. We all wear purple T-shirts and we ask friends and family to give money to help find a cure.
I’ve actually helped out with fundraisers a couple of times. I’m a singer, and a couple of groups have asked me and some of my friends to donate our time to perform at an outdoor event. I’m always happy to help out with these types of things.
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Conversation A|
Read and listen to the conversation.
Elisa
Holding a fundraiser is a great idea. But what kind of fundraiser?
Marcos Elisa
Why don’t we hold an auction?
Airi Elisa
Perfect! If we asked companies for donations, we could get good things to auction. And if we rent a large meeting space, more people will be able to attend. Hmmm. That sounds expensive. If we asked the university, they’d probably donate a meeting space.
Airi Elisa
Very good. What about music? If we hire musicians, people can dance, too.
Marcos Elisa Airi
If we hire my band, we’ll have great music for everyone. I don’t know, Marcos. When I heard you play last week, your band didn’t play dance music. Wait. Why don’t we ask my brother’s band? They play dance music, and they’re very good.. Fine. If you want dance music, we’ll play dance music.
Marcos
And when my brother’s band plays at fundraisers, they play for free.
Airi Elisa
For free? That’s just what we need. And if we don’t pay for a band, we’ll have more money for our trip.
Airi Elisa
What do you think, Marcos?
Marcos
I think you two are very good fundraisers! Yes, of course. If I ask them, they’ll play for free.
Airi
Score! We are good fundraisers, aren’t we, Elisa?
B | Read the sentences. Choose the correct answers. 1 What kind of fundraiser are they going to hold? a a race b a cooking contest c an auction 2 What kind of music do they want at the fundraiser? a country b jazz c dance 3 How much will they pay for the band? a nothing b a little
c too much
C | Practice the conversation with a partner. PART OF THE TEAM 129
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Pronunciation | Changing syllable stress in different parts of speech A|
Listen. Notice the stress of the syllables in bold. Then practice.
organize
donate
compete
music
organization
donation
competition
musician
B | Find more pairs of words with different stress like these. Practice.
Grammar | Zero, first, and second conditional A|
Read and listen to the grammar presentation. Zero conditional It’s OK if everyone isn’t here at 4:00pm. When we work together, it’s a lot easier.
TIP
First conditional If we don’t raise enough money, we won’t be able to go on our annual trip. If we start early in the morning, we’ll be done by lunchtime. Second conditional If I could draw, I would make posters. If we raised a little more money, we could buy new uniforms.
Use zero conditional to talk about things that usually happen. When I’m hungry, I eat. Use first conditional to talk about a real possibility. If you’re hungry, I’ll make dinner for you. Use second conditional to talk about an unreal possibility. If I could cook, I would make dinner for you. (But I can’t cook!)
B | Choose the correct word(s) to complete the sentences. 1 If we pass out fliers, more people come / will come / would come. 2 If we have / had more money, we would hire a band. 3 We have more space when the event is / will be / would be outdoors. 4 If we had more time, we hold / will hold / could hold a fundraiser. 5 We will get more people if we advertise / advertised on social media. 6 When we serve / served food, more people attend.
C | Look at the conversation on page 129. Underline all the examples of the conditional. D|
Complete the sentences with your own information. Tell a partner. Your partner will ask follow-up questions.
1 If I feel _____________________________,
I _________________________________ .
2 If I practice English outside of class,
__________________________________ .
3 If I had more free time, I would
__________________________________ .
If I had more free time, I would take an online class to learn how to play the guitar.
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Reading A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. bunch
monetary
charity
personal cause
contribute
reach a goal
donation
reality
individuals
rewards
investor
surgery
B | Read the article.
Crowdfunding Do you have a project you want to turn into a reality? You should try crowdfunding! When people wanted to fund a project in the past, they had to get big investors or spend their own money. Now, with crowdfunding (or crowdsourcing), you can get a bunch of people to spend a little bit of money to fund your project. Fundraising sites Kickstarter might be the most well-known online fundraising site. Businesses or individuals set a money goal for a project, and they offer investors different rewards for the different amounts of money they contribute. They only get the money if they reach their monetary goal. Indiegogo is similar to Kickstarter, but you can use this site to collect donations to charities as well as projects that will produce a product. There is also a rewards system for different levels of monetary donations. GoFundMe is great for personal causes and donations. If you need money to pay for your pet’s surgery or for a friend’s charity, GoFundMe is a great resource. There is no reward system, so the money is really a donation, not an investment or contribution. There are many other crowdfunding sites out there, so be sure to look for the one that is perfect for you!
C | Read the sentences. Write T (true) or F (false). 1 ____ Crowdfunding is good if you want to build a product you want to sell. 2 ____ Kickstarter gives rewards to people who contribute money. 3 ____ Indiegogo only lets you contribute money to businesses. 4 ____ GoFundMe is only good for medical bills. 5 ____ You can’t use crowdfunding to get money for personal things. 6 ____ There are many crowdfunding sites. PART OF THE TEAM 131
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Listening A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. aim
perform
book a conference room
plant trees
discuss
promise
million
to-do list
Listen. Write the number of the speakers (1–6) next to the words and phrases they say. Some terms have more than one speaker.
B|
C|
_____ charity _____ raise
_____ musicians _____ social media
_____ perform _____ space
_____ posters _____ volunteers
Listen again. Then match the two halves of the sentences.
1
___ If I were artistic,
a
we can reach hundreds of people this morning.
2
___ When we work as a team,
b
it’s a lot easier to get things done.
3
___ If we use social media to contact everyone we know,
c
I’d makes posters to put up around the neighborhood.
4
___ If we don’t find a large space to rent,
d
I’ll book the large conference room.
5
___ My uncle said it’s OK
e
we won’t be able to perform next week.
6
___ If everyone is free this afternoon,
f
if we perform in his building downtown.
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Speaking Choose one of the topics. Prepare notes for your answer. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you prepare.
A|
Talk about an event you’ve organized or helped with.
Talk about an event a friend or family member has organized or helped with.
OR
EXPRESS YOURSELF!
I helped my mom with my sister’s graduation party. We made food, set out chairs and tables, hired a DJ, … We had a good time preparing, and it was a fun party.
My sister-in-law planned a block party for our neighborhood. Even though everyone contributed, the planning was a lot of work.
My brother organized a fishing trip with his buddies. He put a lot of work into making it special, and everyone thought it was a huge success.
Talk about your topic with a partner. Ask your partner questions to get more information.
B|
I once organized a community project to help with local homelessness. Everyone contributed items like toothbrushes, water, …, and we made bags to hand out.
How many bags did you put together?
What kind of food did you make?
What did he do to make it special? PART OF THE TEAM 133
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Writing A | Read the example. Answer the questions that follow. Tell a partner.
It’s our father’s 75th birthday in two months. My siblings and I want to get as many relatives to visit for the party as possible. If we get the word out enough ahead of time, most everyone should be able to come. I need to reserve the restaurant space. If I don’t do it now, we may not be able to have the dinner where we want to. And I need to check with my sister to see if she’ll have the time to make the cake. If not, we’ll need to order one. And I’ll need to take my father shopping for a new shirt and take him to get a haircut. What does the writer need to do to make sure as many relatives as possible can come?
•
Why might the family need to order a cake?
•
Have you ever been responsible for planning an important event?
B|
Imagine you have the responsibility to plan a big event. Write about one of the ideas below or one of your own. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you.
• • • •
•
Wedding Neighborhood block party City tour for out-of-town guests Park clean-up weekend
• • • •
Day at the beach Summer cook-out Baby shower Office party
EXPRESS YOURSELF!
I need to… ail to… send out an em prepare… make a list of…
I need to know … how many peo ple are coming. who can help. if anyone has diet restrictions.
___, expect o If I know t le p o e yp how man lp he who can le diet ib s s o p t u abo ns restrictio 134 UNIT 13
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UNIT
14
I WOULDN’T HAVE DONE THAT
UNIT GOALS In this unit, you will practice the following: Vocabulary Feelings and challenging situations
Reading How relaxing!
Conversation An employee saying she wishes she had handled something differently
Listening People describing regrettable situations
Pronunciation Reduction of would have and wouldn’t have Grammar Third conditional
Speaking Talking about wishing you had done something differently Writing Writing about how a person's words or actions affected you 135
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Vocabulary | Feelings and challenging situations A|
Read. Make notes to understand the meanings. Then listen and practice. (be/get/feel) angry embarrassed hungry nervous sleepy stressed thirsty uncomfortable upset worried
B | Look at the pictures. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence. 1
I wouldn’t be so ____ now if I had gone to bed earlier last night. a thirsty b sleepy c nervous d upset
2
She would’ve felt more ____ by the bad grade if she had liked the class. a hungry b nervous c uncomfortable d upset
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3
My parents wouldn’t have been ____ if my train had arrived on time. a worried b embarrassed c hungry d thirsty
5
I probably wouldn’t have felt so ____ if it had been colder. a hungry b uncomfortable c thirsty d upset
7
You wouldn’t be so ____ now if you hadn’t skipped breakfast and lunch today. a thirsty b nervous c hungry d sleepy
4
If the computer had worked perfectly, she wouldn’t have gotten ____. a uncomfortable b angry c nervous d embarrassed
6
His back wouldn’t feel so ____ today if he’d slept in bed instead of on the couch last night. a uncomfortable b nervous c upset d worried
8
I got my husband’s name wrong. I’d have been less ____ if I hadn’t called him my father’s first name. a nervous b angry c embarrassed d stressed I WOULDN'T HAVE DONE THAT 137
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9
10
D|
C|
If I’d practiced my speech, I would have felt less ____ when I saw the audience. a angry b nervous c hungry d thirsty
You’d feel a lot less ____ if your boss hadn’t given you that extra job. a embarrassed b sleepy c stressed d worried
Listen and practice saying the sentences in B. Talk about a time that you felt one of the emotions in A. Tell a partner.
A couple of weeks ago, I invited my girlfriend to go on a picnic with me in the park. When I went to the counter to pay for the food, I opened my wallet and found out that I didn’t have any cash or credit cards with me. My girlfriend paid. I was so embarrassed.
I was sitting in a café, working on my laptop, when this woman Cheryl saw me. You see, I know Cheryl… she’s the sister of my exgirlfriend Lara. I had just broken up with Lara that morning, and Cheryl didn’t know yet. It was really uncomfortable.
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Conversation A| Jin
Read and listen to the conversation. You were just a little late to work. Don’t get so upset. You don’t understand. If I hadn’t been late, I would have been in the meeting.
Karla Jin
Jerry presented the report to everyone. Don’t be so worried.
Karla Jin
But he was really nervous. Well, if he had helped write the report, he wouldn’t have been nervous.
Karla Jin
True. But if I hadn’t gone out on that date last night, I would have gotten to bed earlier. A date? It was horrible. If I hadn’t worked so much on that report, I wouldn’t have been so sleepy during the date.
Karla Jin
Ha! Your date probably would have been happier, too, if Jerry had worked more on the report.
Karla Jin
Jin, I was so embarrassed. Oh, this sounds good. What happened on your date? Well, he was telling a story during dinner, and I fell asleep in the middle of it! He was really angry.
Karla Jin
OK. That doesn’t sound good. I know. I think he has anger problems.
Karla Jin
That, yes…and if he had been a better storyteller, you probably wouldn’t have gone to sleep in the middle of his story!
B | Read the sentences. Choose the correct answers. 1 What did Karla miss at work? a a party b a phone call c a meeting 2 What did Karla do the night before? a go on a date b go to a party c go to bed early 3 What did Karla do during dinner? a eat a lot b fall asleep c have dessert
C | Practice the conversation with a partner.
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Pronunciation | Reduction of would have and wouldn’t have A|
Listen. Notice the reduction of the words in bold. Then practice.
He would’ve been worried if we hadn’t called him from the airport. She would’ve caught the bus on time if she had woken up earlier. If I had been on time, they wouldn’t have gotten upset. If I had gone to bed earlier the night before, I wouldn’t have been so sleepy.
B | Find more sentences with these words. Practice.
Grammar | Third conditional A|
Read and listen to the grammar presentation. If I had been on time, they wouldn’t have gotten upset. If I had gone to bed earlier the night before, I wouldn’t have been so sleepy. I wouldn’t have gotten so angry if they’d told me the truth. He would have been worried if we hadn’t called him from the airport.
TIP Use third conditional to talk about an unreal possibility in the past.
She would’ve caught the bus on time if she had woken up earlier.
B | Complete the sentences using the verbs in parentheses and the third conditional. 1 If I _____________________ (study) harder, I _______________________ (pass) the exam. 2 If Jun _____________________ (not go) to the party, he _____________________ (not meet) Karen. 3 He _____________________ (graduate) from college if he _____________________ (take) the classes more seriously. 4 I _____________________ (not tell) you if I _____________________ (know) that you would get upset. 5 If you _____________________ (listen) to what I said, none of this _____________________ (happen). 6 Simon _____________________ (not take) the job if he _____________________ (know) about the terrible boss.
C | Look at the conversation on page 139. Underline all the examples of the third conditional. D|
Make up sentences in the third conditional using the prompts below. Tell a partner.
• study abroad for two years • stay up all night last night • be born in the 19th century • not come to class today
If I had been born in the 19th century, I would have owned a lot of amazing hats.
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Reading A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. affect
focus
anxiety
knit
attention
lack of
blood pressure
mantra
brain
meditation
chemical
positive
constantly
set aside
effect
wander off
B | Read the article.
How relaxing! Everyone is busy. We all have different things that keep us constantly moving. Just living our lives can cause lack of sleep, stress, and anxiety, all of which can affect your health. It can be hard to find time to relax, but it is important to try. If you take more time to relax, you will be healthier. Different people find different things relaxing. Some people work out or practice yoga to relax. Other people sit on the couch and watch television or knit. Many people find meditation is the best way to relax. Focused mediation has been shown to be very good for you. Focused meditation is when you focus on one specific thing: it can be your breathing or some kind of mantra. If your mind starts to wander off, you come back to thinking only about that one thing. In addition to the relaxing effects, meditation can help reduce stress, improve your memory, and lower your blood pressure, among other things. Scientific studies have shown that people who practice focused meditation regularly have positive physical and chemical changes in their brains, which can help improve attention and reduce anxiety. Make sure you set aside some time to relax, and maybe give meditation a try. Your brain will thank you.
C | Read the sentences. Write T (true) or F (false). 1 ____ It is important to try and relax. 2 ____ Everyone relaxes the same way. 3 ____ Focused meditation is when you meditate by focusing on lots of things. 4 ____ Meditation can help reduce stress. 5 ____ Meditation can cause negative physical changes in the brain. 6 ____ Meditation can cause positive chemical changes in the brain that can reduce anxiety. I WOULDN'T HAVE DONE THAT 141
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Listening A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. report
fault
skip
lie
tell the truth
C|
B|
due
Listen. Write the number of the speaker next to the correct picture. a ______
b ______
c ______
d ______
Listen again. Read the sentences. Choose the correct answers.
1 Maria’s ____ is upset because she didn't finish the report. a boss
b co-worker
2 If Maria had known the report was due ____, she would've finished it on time. a last night
b today
3 Jasper is hungry because ____. a he didn’t eat breakfast this morning b he didn't eat dinner 4 If Jasper had gotten up earlier, he ____ had time to have coffee and toast. a wouldn’t have
b would’ve
5 Christopher’s car hit the bus because ____. a he was texting while driving
b he wasn’t looking at his phone
6 Christopher ____ been able to stop his car if he’d been paying attention to the traffic. a wouldn’t have
b would’ve
7 Elissa told Jan she couldn't go to the party because she ____. a was sick
b went on a date
8 Jan wouldn't have been so upset if Elissa had ___. a told her the truth
b come to the party
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Speaking Choose one of the topics. Prepare notes for your answer. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you prepare.
A|
Talk about a situation in which you would have done something differently.
Talk about a situation in which a friend or family member has said they would have done something differently.
OR
EXPRESS YOURSELF! I didn’t get a good grade on my last test because I didn’t get a good night’s sleep the night before. If I had slept better, I would have gotten a better grade.
On a trip to New Mexico, my brother decided to go to Roswell instead of White Sands National Park. He regrets it, because If he had gone to the park, he could have gone sand sledding!
My cousin wanted to get a pet recently, so she got a cat. But she ended up being allergic to cats, so she had to get rid of it. If she had gotten a dog, she wouldn’t have had to get rid of the cat.
Talk about your topic with a partner. Ask your partner questions to get more information.
B|
I was in a play once, and on opening night, I got stage fright and forgot some of my lines. Had I known that might happen, I would have studied and practiced my lines more.
Did you drink coffee before you went to bed?
Why did he decide to go to Roswell instead?
She didn’t know she was allergic to cats? FRUSTRATIONS 143
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Writing A | Read the example. Answer the questions that follow. Tell a partner.
Some time ago, I had lost my job and was already feeling sensitive about it. Then, at a gathering, a friend asked if I had gotten a new job yet. If she had asked me privately, I could have had the chance to tell her about all the good leads I have had, and my answer would have sounded better. Instead, I had to give the quick answer “not yet” because I had just arrived, and it just didn’t feel like the right time! What was the writer feeling sensitive about?
•
Why did the writer have to answer with just “not yet”?
•
Can you think of a time when what someone said impacted you?
B|
Write about a situation or experience where someone’s words or actions had an emotional impact on you. Describe the situation. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you.
•
EXPRESS YOURSELF!
/said, … d e k s a ) d t?” (My frien lost weigh u o y e v a ut you.” “H o b a d ie r wor “I’ve been et rid of your ld g “You shou .” boyfriend
I had just… started changing th e way I eat. been in a car accid ent. gotten back togeth er with my boyfriend.
el like… e f e m . e It mad hing right t e m o s g ing I was doin hat I’m go w e r a c people through. erstand d n u ’t n o le d some peop me. 144 UNIT 14
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UNIT
15
HE SAID HE’D MEET US
UNIT GOALS In this unit, you will practice the following: Vocabulary Business arrangements
Reading Where are my keys?
Conversation Talking to an assistant about a business trip
Listening People talking about plans they’ve made
Pronunciation Different word prominence carries different meanings
Speaking Reporting what other people have said
Grammar Review of direct speech Reported speech
Writing Reporting what a friend told you about an event
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Vocabulary | Business arrangements A|
Read. Make notes to understand the meanings. Then listen and practice. arrange for a meeting room change trains in Liverpool find a vegetarian restaurant have a conference call leave on a business trip meet at the convention center order room service send the documents by courier take some clients out to dinner use a projector for the presentation
B | Look at the pictures. Choose the correct word(s) to complete each sentence. 1
2
She told us we’d have a convention center / room My boss told me she’s going to take / leave / service / conference call at 9:30 this morning. schedule on a business trip tomorrow.
3
The woman at the information desk explained that our team would meet at the central / projector / convention center.
4
He said we could order clients / documents / room service if the meeting ran late.
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5
6
She asked me to take the client / document / convention out to dinner.
The travel agent said we’ll need to make / go by / change trains in Liverpool.
7
8
The speaker told me he’d use a train / convention / projector for the presentation.
9
My sister said she would find a vegetarian / courier / room service restaurant for tomorrow night.
10
My secretary said they were sending the documents by train / courier / meeting.
Listen and practice saying the sentences in B.
D|
Have you ever been on a work or school trip where you had to do any of the things in A? Tell a partner.
C|
I told my boss I’d take out / arrange / change for a meeting room.
I went to a conference one time in Chicago. I was supposed to meet my colleagues at the “front entrance” of the convention center. But there were about 10 different entrances! Luckily, she texted me and I found her!
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Conversation A|
Read and listen to the conversation.
Ms. Atkins Gary Ms. Atkins
I’m leaving for my business trip to Chicago tomorrow morning. Mr. Woo said he should arrive from New York in the morning. His assistant told me that he could meet you at your hotel. Perfect. You said that you were sending the documents to the hotel by courier, didn’t you?
Gary Ms. Atkins Gary Ms. Atkins
Yes, Ms. Atkins. You’ll have the documents on time. Did I tell you I was taking Mr. Woo and some other clients out to dinner tomorrow night? Yes, you did. And I told you that I had already made your dinner reservations at that chic vegetarian restaurant. That’s right. I remember now.
Gary Ms. Atkins Gary Ms. Atkins Gary Ms. Atkins
Also, Mr. Woo said he might be late for dinner. Late? That’s unusual. He didn’t tell me that he was going to be late. He said that he would be on a conference call until 6:30 pm. Does he mean 6:30 pm in New York or 6:30 pm in Chicago? I don’t know. He only said that he would finish at 6:30 pm. Gary, please call Mr. Woo’s assistant to find out. I need to know if he’s going to be an hour late or on time.
B | Read the sentences. Write T (true) or F (false). 1 ____ Mr. Woo will arrive from New York. 2 ____ Mr. Woo doesn’t know where to meet Ms. Atkins. 3 ____ Ms. Atkins will eat a vegetarian dinner in Chicago. 4 ____ It’s not unusual for Mr. Woo to be late to dinner.
C | Practice the conversation with a partner.
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Pronunciation | Different word prominence carries different meanings A|
Listen. Notice the stress in the words in bold. Then practice.
Gary said he was going to stop at the supermarket before coming home. (Who is going to do it?) Gary said he was going to stop at the supermarket before coming home. (Where is he going?) Gary said he was going to stop at the supermarket before coming home. (When is he going?)
B | Find other examples of this type of stress. Practice.
Grammar | Review of direct speech A|
Read and listen to the grammar presentation. My boss told me, “Arrange for a meeting room.” The note explains, “Send the documents by courier.” He said, “Take some clients out to dinner.” The manager reports, “The sales are lower than expected.” “Where is the sales meeting?” asked the employee.
B | Choose the correct word to complete the sentences. 1 My co-worker told / asked, “Could you find a vegetarian restaurant?” 2 The client told / said me, “Pick me up at the airport.” 3 Simon said / asked, “Let’s meet at the convention center.” 4 My boss told / reported, “Our sales went up by 35%.” 5 The report explains / asks, “All business expenses must be approved by your manager.” 6 My manager said / asked, “Could I use a projector for the presentation?”
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Reported speech
C|
Read and listen to the grammar presentation.
Direct speech
Reported speech
“I have a conference call.”
She said she had a conference call.
“I’m not going to attend the meeting.”
She said she wasn’t going to attend the meeting.
“I lost my wallet.”
He said he had lost his wallet.
“I have finished my report.”
She said she had finished her report.
“I will meet the clients at the airport.”
He said he would meet the clients at the airport.
“I couldn’t book the conference room.”
He said he couldn’t book the conference room.
“I might order room service.”
She said she might order room service.
“I should use a projector for the presentation.”
He said he should use a projector for the presentation.
TIP In reported speech, verbs usually change: simple present simple past present continuous past continuous simple past past perfect present perfect past perfect Could, should, and might in direct speech do not change in reported speech.
D | Write the correct form of the verb to complete the sentences. 1 “I work at a trading company.” He told me he _____________________ at a trading company. 2 “I met the client at his hotel.” She said she _____________________ the client at his hotel. 3 “I have done the presentation.” He told us that he _____________________ the presentation. 4 “I will take a business trip to Japan next week.” She said she _____________________ a business trip to Japan next week. 5 “The unemployment rate could continue to rise.” The news reports that the unemployment rate _____________________ to rise. 6 “I am going to transfer to the New York office.” My boss explained that he _____________________ to the New York office.
Complete the sentences. Tell a partner. Your partner will change your sentences to reported speech.
E|
1 Every morning I ___________________ . 2 I’m ___________________________ now.
Brad told me that he’d never eaten dragon fruit before. I told him it was delicious!
3 This weekend I’m going to ____________
_________________________________.
4 Yesterday I _______________________ . 5 I’ve never ________________________ . 150 UNIT 15
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Reading A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. balanced diet
perfectly
decline
prove
evidence
puzzle
fatty acids
sharp
gingko biloba
stimulate
ginseng
supplement
memory
vitamin
B | Read the article.
Where are my keys? When we’re young, we all have good memories, but as we get older, our memories start to get worse. Even perfectly healthy people start to lose some ability to remember things as they get older. Luckily, there are some things you can do to help keep your memory sharp. Vitamins and supplements Some people take vitamins and supplements like gingko biloba, vitamin B, Omega-3 fatty acids, ginseng, and even dark chocolate to help improve memory. However, there is no good scientific evidence to prove that these things improve memory in healthy people. Lifestyle changes Studies suggest that there are simple things you can do every day to improve your memory. Exercise, sleep, and a balanced diet are all important to keep your brain healthy and your memory sharp. Try to avoid stress, and make time for fun and relationships. Fun stimulates our brains, and researchers have found that people with active social lives have slower memory decline. Work your brain There are many websites that provide games, puzzles, and brain-stimulating exercises that claim to help improve your memory. There are also puzzle books and other types of brain games out there, but simple things, such as learning a new hobby, can be just as good for your brain. Learning something new is better than doing the same thing you’ve been doing for years.
C | Read the sentences. Write T (true) or F (false). 1 ____ Memory gets better as we get older. 2 ____ Gingko biloba and vitamin B are two supplements people take to help improve memory. 3 ____ Exercise and sleep are not important to keep a good memory. 4 ____ Fun and relationships are important to maintain a sharp memory. 5 ____ There are lots of websites with brain games. 6 ____ Doing the same activity you’ve been doing for years is the same as learning something new. HE SAID HE’D MEET US 151
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Listening A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. afterwards
promise
book a table
rent
meatballs
system
potato salad
technical problems
production schedule
time off work
B|
C|
Listen. Write the number of the description next to the correct picture. a ______
b ______
c ______
d ______
Listen again. Choose the correct answers.
1 Kamal is showing photos of his new house / a summer vacation house. 2 The owner of the house will email more information / more pictures soon. 3 Jennifer is making a special dinner / a cake for Clare’s birthday. 4 Jennifer’s friend Sally will make meatballs / potato salad. 5 Teresa arranged a meeting room /conference call for 10:00. 6 Alex is leaving on a business trip / on vacation this morning. 7 Steve is sending documents to Jake by email / courier. 8 Mandy has booked a table at a café on Bank Street / in the hotel. 152 UNIT 15
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Speaking Choose one of the topics. Prepare notes for your answer. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you prepare.
A|
Talk about someone you spoke with recently. What did the person say?
Talk about a character in a movie or show you’ve seen recently. What is something he or she said?
OR
EXPRESS YOURSELF! The other day, a friend of mine told me about a recent doctor’s visit. He said, “The doctor told me I have to change my diet because I have high cholesterol.”
In a show I recently watched, the main character said to his fiancé, “Even though you lied to me to protect me, I can’t marry you because you deceived me.”
I saw a movie a while ago where one of the characters said to a scientist, “You don’t learn by reading books. You learn by doing.”
Talk about your topic with a partner. Ask your partner questions to get more information.
B|
I recently spoke with my mom about troubles with my friend. She said, “You two need to take a break from each other.”
Are you going to follow your mom’s advice?
In what way do you need to change your diet?
Don’t you think we actually learn by doing both? HE SAID HE’D MEET US 153
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Writing A | Read the example. Answer the questions that follow. Tell a partner.
My friend Pete went to the final hockey game of the season. I couldn’t go, so I was anxious to hear about it. I asked him how many spectators were there. He said, “The arena was filled with fans.” Then I asked what happened in the first period. He responded that the players’ energy was high, and the crowd cheered loudly. Then he said, “In the second period, two players were injured. It was a close game until the end, but we won!” He went on to tell me how he thought it had been a great season, and even though tickets were expensive, he was glad he had gotten to watch one game at the arena. Were there a lot of spectators at the hockey game?
•
Was Pete happy with the outcome of the game?
•
Has someone you know recently told you about something they’ve seen?
B|
Write about an event, TV show, movie, exhibit, or performance that someone told you about. Write about what the person said in order to summarize. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you.
•
EXPRESS YOURSELF! ly My friend) recent to/saw watched/went a movie. an exhibit. a play.
He/she said it was… boring. amazing. confusing.
He/She said, … end it.” “I highly recomm ing.” “Don’t bother go o, then “You should go to . we can discuss it 154 UNIT 15
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Vocabulary | Complete the sentences. Circle the answers in the puzzle. F
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1 I applied for ___ at a lot of companies. 2 I ___ to Australia with my job last year. 3 My sister is training to enter a ___ competition. 4 I’ve never used an online ___ site. 5 To have a successful event, you need to ___ a lot of volunteers. 6 We asked a lot of companies for ___ for the auction. 7 After working out, I always feel ___. 8 If this show makes you feel ___, we can watch something else. 9 It was hard to give my presentation because the ___ wasn’t working. 10 I’m not leaving the hotel tonight. I’m just going to order ___.
Grammar | Find the error. Write the correct sentence. 1 Whenever I was a kid, I’ve always wanted to be an actor. ________________________________________________________________________________ 2 After I got a job, I move to Los Angeles. ________________________________________________________________________________ 3 Although I like sports, I played basketball yesterday. ________________________________________________________________________________ 4 When we are hungry, we usually went out to eat. ________________________________________________________________________________ 5 If we get up early, we have time to go to the gym. ________________________________________________________________________________ 6 If I had more free time, I read more books. ________________________________________________________________________________ 7 If I had studied harder, I would passed my test. ________________________________________________________________________________ 8 Has the meeting already started they asked. ________________________________________________________________________________ 9 He said he had finish his report. ________________________________________________________________________________ 10 They said we should visited them next month. ________________________________________________________________________________
Check Yourself | How well do you know it? Circle the correct rating for yourself. Units 11–15 Vocabulary
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Units 11–15 Grammar
RE VIE W, ASSE S S, C ON N EC T & E X TEN D UNIT S 11–15
REVIEW, ASSESS, CONNECT & EXTEND
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RE VIEW, ASSESS, CONNECT & E X TEND UNIT S 11–15
REVIEW, ASSESS, CONNECT & EXTEND A great internship A|W rite a list based on the descriptions. Most of the information comes from Units 11–15. 1
A large city:
______________________________________
2
An occupation:
______________________________________
3
A famous person:
______________________________________
4
A type of workplace:
______________________________________
5
An activity from page 116:
______________________________________
6
An activity from page 126:
______________________________________
7
An adjective from page 136:
______________________________________
8
Another adjective from page 136:
______________________________________
9
An activity from page 146:
______________________________________
10
Another activity from page 146:
______________________________________
B | Complete the email. Fill in the blanks (1–10) below with the words (1–10) you wrote in A. Use the correct forms of the words as needed. Circle the correct pronouns. Then read your email to a partner.
I got an internship at a large 4___________________. Actually, I was a little surprised that I got it. During the interview, the manager, who was named 3___________________, asked me if I’d ever 5___________________. When I heard that, it made me feel a little 8___________________. On my first day there, I had to 6___________________. It was hard, but I learned a lot! I got to go on a business trip, too. 3___________________ and I stayed at a hotel in 1___________________. When we got there, 3___________________ asked me if I had 10___________________. I told him I didn’t know I was supposed to do that. If I’d known that, I wouldn’t have 9___________________. Although I thought I’d made a big mistake, 3___________________ said I shouldn’t feel 7___________________. After we got back, he/ she offered me a position as a(n) 2___________________. Of course I said yes!
C | Take turns asking and answering questions about your internship.
What other skills did you learn during your internship?
Try it out T ell a classmate about your academic path and what you want to do in the future. I’ve always wanted to be a teacher, so I decided to get a degree in education. I want to teach in an elementary school.
rite an email to your co-workers W with your ideas for raising money for a company fundraiser.
I think we should hold an outdoor event to raise money. Maybe we could ask some musicians to donate their time.
156 RACE
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UNIT
16
TRAVEL INFORMATION
UNIT GOALS In this unit, you will practice the following: Vocabulary Travel-related activities
Reading To tip or not to tip
Conversation Talking to a concierge about travel arrangements
Listening People asking questions about an upcoming trip
Pronunciation y-glide between syllables or words
Speaking Asking embedded questions about travel plans
Grammar Embedded questions and statements
Writing Writing questions about visiting your country 157
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Vocabulary | Travel-related activities A|
Read. Make notes to understand the meanings. Then listen and practice. buy tickets online call a taxi change money check in get money at the ATM have a layover leave a tip pay tax take reservations the train departs
B | Look at the pictures. Choose the correct word(s) to complete each sentence. 1
Can you tell me how to call a taxi / train / layover here?
2
Will I have to pay money / tickets / tax on shoes I buy there?
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3
Can you please remind me what time we need to start / begin / go out / check in for our flight?
5
4
Do you know if I can get money at a store / an ATM / a taxi near here?
6
Could you tell me if we can buy our travel layover / I can’t remember where you can change / make / trip / schedule /tickets online? locate your money around here.
7
Do you happen to know if this restaurant takes customers / bills / communications / reservations?
8
Can you remind me what time our train will depart / trip / ride / journey? TRAVEL INFORMATION 159
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9
10
D|
C|
Do you know how much bill / tip / fare / cost we should leave for the waiter?
I completely forgot that we have a reservation / check in / layover in Berlin.
Listen and practice saying the sentences in B. Tell a partner about your experiences with the items in A. What happened? I went to the UAE one time for business. My co-workers there reserved a driver to pick me up at the airport. The ride to the hotel had already been paid for, but I wanted to give the driver a tip. Unfortunately, it was late, and I was tired, and I didn’t really understand how many dirhams were in a dollar. Instead of giving him about 10 dollars in the local money, I gave him about 10 cents. I was so embarrassed when I realized that later.
One time I was flying from Boston to Mexico City, and I had a layover in Dallas. My layover was supposed to be two hours, but my flight from Boston took off late. When I arrived in Dallas, I had to run through the airport to catch my next flight. It was terrible!
160 UNIT 16
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Conversation A|
Read and listen to the conversation.
Mr. Hunt Concierge Mr. Hunt
Do you know if I can change money at the hotel? Yes, sir. You can change money at the front desk. Perfect. Now, do you happen to know if there is a good restaurant near the hotel? There are some restaurants nearby, but the best restaurant is downtown, by the river.
Concierge Mr. Hunt
Will I need a reservation for dinner at this restaurant? Actually, I don’t know if they take reservations. Do you know what time you want dinner?
Concierge Mr. Hunt
I’d like to eat at eight o’clock. Could you call to ask if they take reservations?
Concierge Mr. Hunt
Of course, sir. And do you know how much time it will take to walk to the restaurant?
Concierge Mr. Hunt
I don’t know if walking to the restaurant is the best idea. OK. Can you tell me how I should get there then? I could call a taxi for you.
Concierge Mr. Hunt
Let’s find out about reservations first.
Concierge
I’m calling the restaurant right now.
B | Read the sentences. Choose the correct answers. 1 Why will Mr. Hunt go to the front desk? a to change money b to rent a car c to buy a ticket 2 Where is the best restaurant? a by the hotel b by the airport c by the river 3 Who is the concierge calling? a the front desk b the train station c the restaurant
C | Practice the conversation with a partner.
TRAVEL INFORMATION 161
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Pronunciation | y-glide between syllables or words A|
Listen. Notice the pronunciation of the letters in bold. Then practice.
We had a layover in Chicago.
Do you want to buy anything?
I got money at the ATM.
I don’t know why I came here.
We have to pay ahead of time.
B | Find more sentences with these sounds. Practice.
Grammar | Embedded questions and statements A|
Read and listen to the grammar presentation. Could you tell me what time the train departs? Do you know which room we’re meeting in? Could you please tell me if the museum is open today? Do you happen to know how much the tickets are? They’re not sure whether they’ll be home in time. I can’t remember why she called. I don’t know if they’re on sale.
B | Change the following questions to embedded questions and statements. 1 What time does the train depart?
Could you tell me _________________________________________________________________?
2 Do I need to leave a tip?
Do you know ____________________________________________________________________?
3 How much is the train ticket?
I’m not sure ______________________________________________________________________ .
4 Can I buy tickets online?
Do you happen to know ____________________________________________________________?
5 Does the restaurant take reservations?
Could you tell me _________________________________________________________________?
6 Where can I change my money?
I don’t know _____________________________________________________________________ .
C | Look at the conversation on page 161. Underline all the examples of embedded questions and statements.
D|
• •
Ask your partner travel-related questions about the places below. Use embedded questions and statements.
a local restaurant a taxi service
• •
Do you know if that sushi restaurant next to the hotel takes reservations?
a train station an airport
162 UNIT 16
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Reading A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. expected
particularly
gratuity
pride oneself
illegal
rely on
income
round up
insulted
set amount
mandatory
standard
panic
survive
B | Read the article.
To tip or not to tip? Where and when should you tip? In some countries, tipping is expected. It is a big part of how servers, bell boys, and bartenders make their money. In other countries, tipping can be considered rude. Places where you can tip In the United States, tipping is not mandatory, but it is expected. Many waiters and bartenders rely on tips to survive, so a 15–20% tip is standard, 25% is reserved for particularly good service, and 10% or less is sometimes given for bad service. In Austria, there is no set amount to tip. Most people just round their bill up. So if a meal comes out to €45, round it up to €50. Tipping is part of the culture in Mexico and can make up much of a server’s income. Sometimes the gratuity is included in the bill. In that case, you don’t need to leave anything. If a gratuity is not included, a 15–20% tip is standard. Places where you should not tip In Australia and New Zealand, workers are generally paid well, and tipping in most non-tourist destinations is considered rude and unnecessary. In Japan, people pride themselves on offering excellent service, so they consider it rude to tip. Many people will be insulted if offered a tip, so don’t do it! Tipping has historically been illegal in China, so people may panic if you offer them extra money.
C | Choose whether you should tip or not in each country. Write T (tip) or NT (no tip). 1 ____ The United States
4 ____ Australia
2 ____ China
5 ____ Austria
3 ____ Mexico
6 ____ Japan
TRAVEL INFORMATION 163
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Listening A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. foreign
custom
lovely
direct flight
withdraw
C|
B|
accept
Listen. Write the number of the topic next to the correct picture. a ______
b ______
c ______
d ______
Listen again. Then match the two halves of the sentences.
1
___ Jada wants to know
a
if there’s a direct flight from Chicago to Oaxaca.
2
___ Victoria wants to know
b
if you have to tip Australian waiters.
3
___ Jeremy wants to know
c
where she can find an ATM.
4
___ Adira wants to know
d
where her friend is staying in New Orleans.
164 UNIT 16
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Speaking Choose one of the topics. Prepare notes for your answer. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you prepare.
A|
Imagine that you are planning a trip. You need to ask your travel agent a question about it. What do you say?
Imagine that you are on a trip. You need to ask a local for help. What do you say?
OR
EXPRESS YOURSELF!
Do you happen to know what the exchange rate currently is?
I want to have dinner at La Cantina tonight. Do you know if I can make a reservation ahead of time?
I’m trying to get to the airport. I’m wondering if you know if there’s a shuttle I can take.
Talk about your topic with a partner. Ask your partner questions to get more information.
B|
I’m wondering if I should buy train tickets ahead of time or just buy them as I go. What do you think?
How many trains are you thinking of taking? Where from and to?
Can’t you just look the exchange rate up online?
Why don’t you just take a taxi? TRAVEL INFORMATION 165
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Writing A | Read the example. Answer the questions that follow. Tell a partner.
Hi Jim, As you know, I am planning a trip to your region this year. Could you please tell me which months would be the best to visit if I want to see a lot of snow and the beautiful frozen lakes? What kind of coat and boots should I bring? Do you know if it will be difficult to drive to a neighboring city during the snowy season? Thank you! What does the writer want to see?
•
Does the writer know the best clothing to bring?
•
What advice would you give a tourist coming to your region?
B|
Imagine you are a tourist planning a first-time visit to your country. Write to ask various questions to plan for your trip. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you.
•
EXPRESS YOURSELF!
e… lease tell m p u o y ld u o C of verage cost a e h t t a h w is? eating out ist resting tour e t in t s o m the ? sites to see e road you h t f o e id s what drive on?
What kind of ___ should I bring? gear clothes electronics
Do you know if … I need to hav e an international driver’s license? I should exch ange money before I come or while I’m there? spring-time is the best time to come?
166 UNIT 16
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UNIT
17
LISTEN CAREFULLY
UNIT GOALS In this unit, you will practice the following: Vocabulary Describing qualities
Reading Solving problems
Conversation Discussing a problem that needs to be resolved
Listening People talking about how they resolved a problem
Pronunciation Silent /l/
Speaking Talking about how you resolved a conflict
Grammar Adverbs of manner Comparative and superlative adverbs
Writing Writing about what you want to improve about yourself 167
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Vocabulary | Describing qualities A|
Read. Make notes to understand the meanings. Then listen and practice. calm careful direct efficient honest intelligent noisy patient polite serious
B | Look at the pictures. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence. 1
Monica’s the most ____ person I know. She can solve any problem. c honest a intelligent d polite b noisy
3
My grandmother is very ____. She never shouts or gets angry. c calm a noisy d honest b efficient
2
Ken never tells a lie. He’s incredibly ____. a calm c patient d honest b efficient
4
Tanya is so ____ that I’ve never seen her laugh. c serious a careful d efficient b patient
168 UNIT 17
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5
6
Katsuko is a great mom. She’s very ____ with her daughter. c serious a noisy d intelligent b careful
7
My best friend is very ____. She always says exactly what she’s thinking. c direct a patient d indirect b impatient
8
Mark is super ____. He hates to waste time. c friendly a affected d fierce b efficient
Remember to be ____ on a job interview. c serious a polite d loud b noisy
9
10
The crowd at a football game is often ____. Goal! c patient a intelligent d noisy b efficient
Listen and practice saying the sentences in B.
D|
Describe people, places, or things you know using the adjectives in A. Tell a partner.
Angelica is one of the calmest people I know. I don’t know how she does it!
C|
You’ll have to be ____ because the line is very long. c honest a patient d careful b serious
LISTEN CAREFULLY 169
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Conversation A|
Read and listen to the conversation.
Dilar
What do you think about the new guy? He’s so calm, isn’t he?
Roger Dilar
Who? Pedro? He wasn’t talking very calmly on the phone this morning. Are you serious?
Roger Dilar
You know that I work better when it’s not noisy in the office. Sure. You work most efficiently when it’s quiet.
Roger Dilar
So this new guy Pedro starts to talk loudly on the phone. Did you politely tell Pedro to talk more quietly?
Roger Dilar
I thought seriously about it, but he hung up the phone. Ah! Perfect. So you didn’t have to ask him directly to talk less loudly on the phone. Well, it wasn’t so perfect. He immediately called the person back and started to scream into the phone.
Roger Dilar
Roger! You’re intelligent. You need to have an honest conversation with Pedro.
Pedro walks into the kitchen. Hi, Roger. Listen…about this morning. I’m sorry I was so loud.
Pedro
Pedro, why do you get so angry on the phone?
Roger Pedro
Did I sound angry to you?
Roger
Yes, you did.
Pedro
Excellent!
Dilar
Pedro! Are you honestly happy about being so angry?
Pedro
I wasn’t angry. I’m in a play tonight. And I was practicing my lines on the phone with another actor!
B | Read the sentences. Write T (true) or F (false). 1 ____ Roger works well in a noisy office. 2 ____ Pedro talked quietly on the phone this morning. 3 ____ Dilar wants Roger to talk with Pedro. 4 ____ Pedro wasn’t angry this morning.
C | Practice the conversation with a partner. 170 UNIT 17
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Pronunciation | Silent /l/ A|
Listen. Notice the pronunciation of the letters in bold. Then practice.
walk
talk
calm
would
could
B | Find other examples of words with silent /l/. Practice.
Grammar | Adverbs of manner A|
Read and listen to the grammar presentation. Adjectives
Adverbs of manner
She is a careful driver.
She drives carefully.
I try to be efficient at work.
I work efficiently.
My boss is very direct when he talks to me.
He talks very directly.
The children were very noisy when they walked by my house.
They walked noisily.
My sister is a good painter.
She paints well.
Unfortunately, he is a bad cook.
He cooks badly.
He is a fast runner.
He runs fast.
TIP Most adverbs of manner are formed by adding -ly to the adjective form: bad badly intelligent intelligently Some adverbs don't change at all from the adjective form. Other adverbs become a different word. fast fast hard hard good well bad badly
B | Complete the sentences with the adverb form of the adjectives in parentheses. 1 Guillermo takes his work very _____________________. (serious) 2 I took German in school, but I don’t speak it very __________________ now. (good) 3 Lydia’s son doesn’t speak to her very ___________________. (polite) 4 Angela sings very ______________________. You should hear her. (beautiful) 5 I’m afraid I did ______________________ on the test. I didn’t study a lot. (bad) 6 Our group worked extremely ____________________ on our project. (hard)
LISTEN CAREFULLY 171
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Comparative and superlative adverbs
C|
Read and listen to the grammar presentation.
Comparative adverbs TIP
I drive more carefully than my husband. My boss speaks to me more politely than my other co-workers. She sings better than most people.
Some adverbs don't use more or most in comparative and superlative forms. fast faster fastest well better best badly worse worst
Superlative adverbs At work, Susan works the most efficiently of all. John runs the fastest of all the members on the track team. I concentrate best when it’s quiet.
D | Write the correct adverb form (comparative or superlative) of the adjectives in parentheses. 1 I speak English _________________________________ now than last year. (fluent) 2 Now that I work in a company, I try to speak _________________________________ than before. (intelligent) 3 He speaks _________________________________ of all the supervisors. (direct) 4 He studies _________________________________ than his brother. (hard) 5 She should talk to her son _________________________________. He is very sensitive. (careful) 6 That girl dances _________________________________ of all the dancers. (beautiful)
E|
Take turns asking and answering the questions with a partner.
1 What is something you do better than someone else in your family? 2 Who sings the best in your group of friends? 3 Who works the hardest in your family?
I definitely drive more carefully now than I did when I was younger. I have kids of my own now.
4 What is something that you do more carefully now than you did when you were younger? 172 UNIT 17
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Reading A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. address
impartial
come up with
lead to
conflict resolution
misunderstanding
encourage
negotiate
favor
point of view
gather
reasonable
go a long way
test out
B | Read the article.
Solving problems Sometimes there are people who just can’t get along. In the workplace, this can be a problem. So here are some strategies for workplace conflict resolution: 1
Don’t let conflicts sit. Make sure to address any conflicts as soon as you know about them. Letting conflicts sit can make them worse and lead to additional problems.
2 Listen to the point of view and story of each person involved in the problem. Listening to the problems that people are having can go a long way. Sometimes people just need to feel like they are being heard. 3 Gather everyone to talk through the problem. Encourage everyone to speak. This can go a long way in fixing misunderstandings and finding a resolution. 4 In order to come up with a fair and reasonable resolution to the problem, you must be impartial. Help people to find a solution without favoring any of the participants. 5 Come up with some solutions in a group and test them out. Have people give suggestions for resolutions, and then have them talk through how those solutions would work. Let people negotiate if they feel that they can work together to find the best solution to the problem. 6 Once a solution is found, talk to everyone and make sure that they are satisfied. Follow up the next day with emails of encouragement and motivation to everyone involved.
C | Read the sentences. Write T (true) or F (false). 1 ____ You should let conflicts sit. 2 ____ You don’t need to listen to the problem from all sides. 3 ____ You should gather all of the people together to talk about the problem. 4 ____ You must be impartial. 5 ____ Let people negotiate. 6 ____ You don’t need to praise people after they have found a resolution to a conflict. LISTEN CAREFULLY 173
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Listening A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. apologize
open-plan office
argue
rapidly
constantly
situation
firmly
staff
hire
upset
B|
C|
Listen. Write the number of the description next to the correct picture. a ______
b ______
c ______
d ______
Listen again. Choose the correct answers.
1 Yuki was upset because Kenzo talked ____ on his cell phone. a seriously b constantly 2 Yuki asked Kenzo ____, “Are your friends more interesting than me?” a calmly b angrily 3 Lewis told his boss that if he wanted the team to work more ____, he needed to hire more staff. a efficiently b honestly 4 Lewis’s boss listened ____ and hired more staff. a politely
b carefully
5 Meredith couldn’t get any work done because Patty talked on the phone ____ all day. a directly b loudly 6 Meredith spoke to Patty ____ but firmly. a noisily b politely 7 Saskia’s mother told her that she needed to take her studies more ____. a seriously b honestly 8 Saskia was doing ____ at school. a intelligently b badly 174 UNIT 17
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Speaking Choose one of the topics. Prepare notes for your answer. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you prepare.
A|
Talk about how a friend or family member resolved a conflict.
OR
Talk about how you resolved a conflict.
EXPRESS YOURSELF!
One of my colleagues is very difficult to work with. I lose my patience sometimes, but I never say anything because it wouldn’t do any good and would create more tension.
One time, a guy in the car behind us started yelling at my aunt as he passed us because he thought she was driving too slowly. She just smiled and waved.
Last weekend our neighbors were playing loud music late. My dad wanted to call the police, but I suggested he go ask them to turn it down first. So that’s what he did, and they turned it down.
Talk about your topic with a partner. Ask your partner questions to get more information.
B|
One time I dropped by my mom’s without calling first. She said that was rude and got really mad. I didn’t think it was rude, but I agreed to call before dropping by from now on.
In what way is he difficult to work with?
Did it really not bother her?
Were they mad when he asked them to turn it down? LISTEN CAREFULLY 175
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Writing A | Read the example. Answer the questions that follow. Tell a partner.
I’m often late to class. My teacher thinks it’s rude and disruptive. I agree. I want to start getting to class on time. I need to leave home earlier than I usually do. I also don’t take the time to pack a lunch, so I end up not eating as well as I could. I need to start getting up earlier so I can pack a lunch. I want to eat more healthily during the day. I would also like to try to be friendlier to students I pass in the hall. I tend to be in my own world and don’t acknowledge the people around me, but I think it’s important to smile at and say hi to people you encounter throughout the day. Why does the writer want to get to school earlier?
•
Does the writer think he eats right?
•
What is something you’d like to improve in your life?
B|
Write about something you want to improve about yourself at home, school, or work. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you.
•
EXPRESS YOURSELF! I want to… p my start cleaning u week. apartment every hool. join a club at sc ugh lunch. stop working thro
I need to… start cooking at ho me more often. improve my study ha bits. get outside more d uring my work breaks.
to… I would (also) like watch less TV. ude at improve my attit school. b more start doing my jo efficiently. 176 UNIT 17
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UNIT
18
GETTING THINGS DONE
UNIT GOALS In this unit, you will practice the following: Vocabulary Errands
Reading I can do it later
Conversation Talking about a busy day running errands
Listening People talking about what they need to get done
Pronunciation Stress in causative verb phrases
Speaking Talking about things you need to get done this week
Grammar Causative verbs: get and have
Writing Writing about errands you did in the past week 177
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Vocabulary | Errands A|
Read. Make notes to understand the meanings. Then listen and practice. get my hair done get my laptop fixed get my nails done get my passport renewed have a new washing machine installed have my shoes repaired have my suit dry-cleaned have my teeth cleaned have the filter replaced have the oil changed
B | Look at the pictures. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence. 1
I had my teeth ____ before the job interview. a installed b cleaned c replaced d renewed
2
She had the oil ____ when the car was one year old. a turned b returned c fixed d changed
178 UNIT 18
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3
My mother had her ____ done last Wednesday. a nails b soles c heels d teeth
5
Alana had her hair ____ at her cousin’s beauty salon. a installed b replaced c done d renewed
7
Paul had his favorite suit ____ before his brother’s wedding. a returned b handmade c dry-cleaned d purchased
4
He had his shoes ____ because the soles were worn down. a sold b repaired c returned d dry-cleaned
6
We got our passports ____ so we could travel to Brazil. a fixed b cleaned c installed d renewed
8
I had the filter in the air conditioner ____ because the old one was filthy. a noticed b monitored c created d replaced GETTING THINGS DONE 179
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9
10
D|
She had her laptop ____ because she spilled coffee on the keyboard. a fixed b dry-cleaned c installed d changed
Listen and practice saying the sentences in B.
How often do you do the things in A, or when’s the last time you did them? Tell a partner.
C|
They had a brand new washing machine ____ two weeks after they moved in. a installed b removed c returned d exchanged
I get my hair done twice a month. I always get my hair done by the same stylist. His name is Ricardo. I’ve been going to him for years.
I had my teeth cleaned a couple of weeks ago. I actually enjoy going to the dentist. Not everyone does!
180 UNIT 18
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Conversation A|
Read and listen to the conversation. You look busy.
Pema
I have lots to do this morning!
Calvin
I hear you. I’m getting my hair done.
Pema Calvin
I’m having my oil changed. Then, I’m having my passport renewed. That doesn’t sound like a fun morning.
Pema Calvin
Well, it’s probably more fun than getting your hair done.
Pema
Not really. I’m also having my nails done.
Calvin
I prefer my morning errands.
Pema
You should go with me to get your hair done and have your nails done, too.
Calvin
You aren’t serious, are you? I am. Don’t you start your new job Monday?
Pema
Actually, I start it on Tuesday. Why?
Calvin
You don’t look professional. You look like you’re ready to go hiking.
Pema
What’s wrong with that?
Calvin
Calvin, you have to look professional to work in an office. Come with me. We’ll have your suits dry-cleaned, too. And why don’t you have your teeth cleaned Monday morning?
Pema Calvin
Didn’t I tell you? My new job isn’t in an office. I’m going to work at a rock climbing gym!
B | Choose the correct answers. 1 What is Calvin going to do to his car? a sell it b wash it
c have its oil changed
2 When is Calvin starting his new job? a Monday b Tuesday
c Wednesday
3 Where is Calvin's new job? a at an office b at a rock climbing gym
c at a restaurant
C | Practice the conversation with a partner. GETTING THINGS DONE 181
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Pronunciation | Stress in causative verb phrases A|
Listen. Notice the stress of the words in bold. Then practice.
I'm getting my hair done.
He had his suit dry-cleaned.
She's having her teeth cleaned.
We need to get our passports renewed.
B | Find more sentences with this type of stress. Practice.
Grammar | Causative verbs: get and have A|
Read and listen to the grammar presentation. I get my nails done every two weeks. He needs to have his hair cut. We need to get our passports renewed before we can travel. She has her shirts dry-cleaned every week. It’s almost time to get my teeth cleaned.
B | Complete each sentence with the correct form of get or have and a word from the box. change
cut
dry-clean
do
install
fix
1 I need to ________________________ my oil ________________________. 2 Nicole ________________________ her nails ________________________ at the salon over there. 3 We are going to________________________ a new washing machine ________________________ in our home. 4 I need to ________________________ my laptop ________________________. It’s been broken for months. 5 You will have to ________________________ your suit ________________________ before your job interview. 6 Where do you ________________________ your hair ________________________?
C | Look at the conversation on page 181. Underline all causative verb phrases.
D|
What are some things you have to get done by each of the times listed below? Tell a partner.
•
this weekend
•
next week
•
next month
•
next year
This weekend I have to have some shoes repaired. I need to wear them to a wedding next week.
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Reading A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. admit
insecure
anxiety
overcome
avoid
overwhelmed
behavior
put off
break down
rank
complicated
reward
guilty
uncomfortable
B | Read the article.
I can do it later Procrastination is when you put off doing something until tomorrow, or the day after tomorrow, or the day after that. Almost everyone procrastinates, at least a little bit or some of the time. Many of us try hard to understand why we do it and how we can change our behavior. We feel guilty about procrastination. There are many reasons why we put off taking care of some work or tasks. Sometimes, we just have so many things to do that we feel overwhelmed. We don’t know where to start. Other times, we may be facing work that is very complicated, and we feel insecure and nervous about understanding it or about how to get it done. Another common situation is delaying doing something we find boring. This behavior is really a way to avoid uncomfortable feelings. Whether it’s insecurity, anxiety, or boredom, we would rather do anything than face the challenge of these feelings. Luckily, there is some good news in all this. There are many techniques and little tricks that can help us overcome this behavior. First, we need to recognize when we are procrastinating and admit it. Next, we can make a list of everything we have to do, break down complicated tasks into smaller, simpler pieces, or promise ourselves a reward for getting boring work done. Ranking each task by order of importance also helps. And here comes the hard part: just start working. Any tiny step counts. If all else fails, we may need to do what Raymond Chandler, a famous American mystery writer, used to do. He forced himself to write detective stories by setting aside four hours a day and following two rules: “You don’t have to write. You can’t do anything else.”
C | Read the sentences. Write T (true) or F (false). 1 ____ Procrastination is when you do your work right away. 2 ____ Procrastination has to do with uncomfortable feelings. 3 ____ There are tricks to help break procrastination. 4 ____ People procrastinate because they feel great about putting things off. 5 ____ People sometimes procrastinate because they don’t know how to do the work. 6 ____ Breaking large tasks into small chunks doesn’t help. It’s too complicated. GETTING THINGS DONE 183
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Listening A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. laundry
best man
look my best
break down
tires
expire
wedding anniversary
C|
B|
apply for
Listen. Write the number of the speaker next to the correct picture. a ______
b ______
c ______
d ______
Listen again. Choose the correct information to complete the sentences.
1 Kimiko has to get her passport / her grandparents’ passports renewed. She’s planning to go to Tokyo this summer / next month. 2 Sean needs to get his laundry / dry cleaning done. He’s going on vacation / on a job interview tomorrow and needs clean clothes. 3 Miranda is getting her oil changed because she’s going to drive to Boston / Cleveland for her sister’s / parents’ wedding anniversary. 4 Khalid is getting his hair cut because his brother / cousin is getting married this weekend. He also needs to get his shoes repaired / suit dry-cleaned. 184 UNIT 18
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Speaking Choose one of the topics. Prepare notes for your answer. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you prepare.
A|
Talk about some things you need to get done this week.
Talk about some things a friend or family member needs to get done this week.
OR
EXPRESS YOURSELF!
I need to get my laptop repaired because I dropped it the other day and it won’t work right now.
Since it’s the end of the semester, my sister has to write a term paper this week.
My dad needs to buy some new suits this week for a business trip he’s taking soon. His other ones are a little too tight.
Talk about your topic with a partner. Ask your partner questions to get more information.
B|
I have a wedding to go to this weekend, so I need to get my hair done. I should probably have my nails done, too.
Do you already have an outfit to wear?
What class does she need to write the term paper for?
Where’s he going?
GETTING THINGS DONE 185
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Writing A | Read the example. Answer the questions that follow. Tell a partner.
Last weekend, I had to get many errands done. I needed to get my phone repaired, so I took it to the shop. And I brought several jackets to the dry cleaner’s because they needed to be cleaned. I also had to drop my car off at the garage to have the oil changed. And I needed some ingredients for a special dessert I wanted to bring to a dinner party, so I had to go to a gourmet store to get them. Finally, I needed to go to the post office to get a package mailed to a friend. It was a long and tiring day! Why did the writer have to bring her car to the garage?
•
Where did the writer go to get ingredients for the dessert?
•
What errands did you do last week?
B|
Write about errands you had to do recently. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you.
•
EXPRESS YOURSELF!
I needed to… ping. go grocery shop to the bring my baby checkup. doctor’s for a d’s. drop by a frien book. return a library
because… I was planning a spec ial meal for my friends. he/she had the flu. I needed to return something I had borrowed. it was overdue.
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UNIT
19
WHAT WILL YOU BE DOING?
UNIT GOALS In this unit, you will practice the following: Vocabulary Tasks and obligations
Reading How polite are you?
Conversation Talking about plans for the next day
Listening People talking about what they will be doing
Pronunciation Intonation to express displeasure
Speaking Talking about something you have to do soon
Grammar Future continuous
Writing Writing about what you will be doing in the future 187
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Vocabulary | Tasks and obligations A|
Read. Make notes to understand the meanings. Then listen and practice. attending a dance recital babysitting my brother’s kids cleaning out my closets driving my in-laws to the airport helping my friend move into his new apartment helping my niece with her science project listening to a history lecture playing golf with my boss taking a knitting class waiting for a delivery at home
B | Look at the pictures. Choose the correct word to complete each sentence. 1
2
Tomorrow afternoon, he’ll be waiting for a delivery / On Sunday, I’ll be playing golf / soccer / hockey car / friend at home. with my boss. 188 UNIT 19
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3
We’ll be listening to a history project / lecture / delivery at 3:00 this afternoon.
5
I can’t go to the beach because I’ll be helping my friend live / babysit / move into her new apartment.
7
4
My best friend will be taking a sewing / knitting / music class with my mom.
6
I’ll be cleaning out my closets / luggage / in-laws this weekend.
8
Tomorrow afternoon, I’ll be biking / flying / driving Will you be attending your sister’s dance party / my in-laws to the airport. recital / lesson this Saturday? WHAT WILL YOU BE DOING? 189
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9
10
D|
This evening, I’ll be helping my nephew with his science recital / delivery / project for school.
Listen and practice saying the sentences in B.
What do you have to do this weekend? Tell a partner about your plans using the verbs below.
C|
Tomorrow night, I’ll be babysitting / playing / attending my brother’s kids.
clean
attend
help
listen
A guy is coming to my house to repair my washing machine. I don’t know what exact time he’s coming. They just told me that I have to wait at home from 1 to 5 on Saturday afternoon.
play
take
wait
My cousin is moving to a new apartment, and I told her I would help her. I’m going to drive to her place on Saturday morning, and we’re going to put all her boxes and things into a truck.
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Conversation A| Cho
Read and listen to the conversation. What’s the matter? I’m thinking about tomorrow.
Jim Cho
Ugh. Don’t remind me.
Jim Cho
I’ll be helping my friend Roberto move into his new apartment. That’s not as bad as my day tomorrow.
Jim Cho
You can’t be serious. I’ll be moving all his heavy furniture to his third floor apartment! Well, I’ll be taking a knitting class with my cousin.
Jim Cho
At least you’ll be sitting all evening. Trust me. I’ll be going crazy. Have you ever met my cousin?
Jim Cho
No. Is she your cousin from Japan? Yes. She’ll be learning to knit, but she’ll also be trying to make friends. I’m sure she’ll be more fun than Roberto. He talks and talks and talks!
Jim Cho
Ha! That’s just like my cousin. I’m exhausted after five minutes with her. Wait! I have the perfect idea. Roberto needs to learn how to knit.
Jim Cho
Oh, you’re good. Class will be starting tomorrow evening at eight o’clock. I’ll bring him to class. And, with a little luck, he’ll be talking to your cousin before the end of the night!
Jim Cho
And she’ll be going to knitting class with her new friend!
B | Read the sentences. Write T (true) or F (false). 1 ____ Jim is moving to a new apartment tomorrow.
3 ____ Cho’s cousin likes to talk.
2 ____ Cho’s cousin is from Japan.
4 ____ Roberto is going to take a knitting class.
C | Practice the conversation with a partner.
Pronunciation | Intonation to express displeasure A|
Listen. Pay attention to the intonation of the words in bold. Then practice.
I’m going to be attending a dance recital.
I’m taking my in-laws to the airport.
I’m waiting for a delivery.
I’m helping my friend move.
B | Find more sentences with this type of intonation. Practice.
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Grammar | Future continuous A|
Read and listen to the grammar presentation.
Statements TIP
This Saturday night, I’ll be cleaning out my closets.
Use the future continuous to talk about a continuous action that’s happening at a particular point in the future.
I’ll be babysitting my brother’s kids tonight. He won’t be playing golf with his boss this weekend. We’ll be helping our friend move into her new apartment next week. They won’t be taking yoga lessons next month.
Questions and answers Will you be taking English lessons next semester?
Yes, I will. / No, I won't.
What will you be doing tonight?
I’ll be watching TV with my family.
Where will he be having lunch?
He’ll be having lunch at the café down the street.
B | Write the future continuous form of the verbs in parentheses. 1 a What ________________________ you ________________________ (do) tonight at 6:00 pm? b I ________________________ (eat) dinner. 2 a ________________________ you ________________________ (work) tonight? b Yes, I ________________________. 3 a When ________________________ John ________________________ (leave) for Australia? b He ________________________ (leave) next Tuesday. 4 a What ________________________ Anna ________________________ (do) while you’re at work? b She ________________________ (shop) at the mall. 5 a ________________________ your brother ________________________ (stay) with you? b No, he ________________________. 6 a Where ________________________ you ________________________ (have) dinner tonight? b I ________________________ (eat) dinner at home.
C | Look at the conversation on page 191. Underline all the examples of the future continuous. D|
What will you be doing at the times below? Use the future continuous. Tell a partner.
•
at 11 pm tonight
•
at noon tomorrow
•
this Saturday morning
•
this Sunday night
This Sunday night I’ll be relaxing at home, eating popcorn, and watching my favorite TV drama.
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Reading A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. allergic
mention
host
offer
ignore
pretend
lend
the last minute
B | Read the article.
How polite are you? Take the survey to find out. 1
You are out for dinner with friends and you get a text message.
a Pick up your phone and reply to the message. b Ignore the message until the meal is over. c Walk away from the table and call the person.
2 You are sitting on the train and a much older person is standing in front of you.
a Stand up and offer the person your seat right away. b Wait until your station and then give the person your seat. c Look at your phone and pretend you don’t see the person.
3 You are invited to a party. What should you do?
a Tell the host right away if you will be attending. b Wait until the last minute and then tell the host you can’t go. c Ignore the invitation because you don’t really want to go.
4 Your friend lends you a book and then you lose it. What should you do?
a Never mention the book to your friend again. b Tell your friend that you thought you had already given it back. c Tell your friend you lost the book and buy a new one to replace it.
5 Your friend serves you a meal that tastes terrible. What do you do?
a Tell your friend that you’re allergic to something in the meal. b Tell your friend that you aren’t feeling well. c Try to eat as much of the meal as possible.
How did you do? Are you as polite as you thought? Here are the most polite answers: 1 (b) 2 (a) 3 (a) 4 (c) 5 (c).
C | Read the sentences. Write T (true) or F (false). 1 ____ When you get a text message at dinner, you should call the person back right away. 2 ____ When you are sitting on a train and see an older person standing, you should ignore them. 3 ____ When you are invited to a party, tell the host that you are coming right away. 4 ____ When your friend lends you a book and you lose it, you shouldn’t talk about it at all. 5 ____ When your friend serves you food that you don’t like, you should try to eat it. WHAT WILL YOU BE DOING? 193
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Listening A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. manicure
clubhouse
mother-in-law
enjoy oneself
rent
golf
throw out
hopefully
treat oneself
C|
B|
closet
Listen. Write the number of the speaker next to the correct picture. a ______
b ______
c ______
d ______
Listen again. Then choose the correct answers.
1 Brahim be will be playing / watching golf with his boss. Brahim thinks golf is boring / relaxing. 2 Sun-hee will be helping her brother move into a new house / apartment. Sun-hee’s brother needs a roommate / to borrow some money. 3 Zhang will be driving his mother-in-law to the airport / a hotel. Zhang’s mother-in-law is flying back to Hong Kong / Shanghai. 4 Marissa will be painting / cleaning out her closets. Marissa will be taking some clothes to a charity store / to her sister. 194 UNIT 19
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Speaking Choose one of the topics. Prepare notes for your answer. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you prepare.
A|
Talk about what you will be doing in the near future.
Talk about what a friend or family member will be doing in the near future.
OR
EXPRESS YOURSELF!
This weekend, I’ll be staying with my sister’s son while she and her husband go out of town. I have some fun ideas for activities we can do.
My cousin is coming to visit at the end of the month, so this week, my boyfriend and I will be planning what we can do with her while she’s here.
This week, my brother and some classmates will be working on a class project that’s due next week. They have a lot of work to do!
Talk about your topic with a partner. Ask your partner questions to get more information.
B|
Next week, I’ll be attending a training for a new system we’ll be using at work. I’m not looking forward to it!
Why will there be a new system?
What activities do you have in mind?
Where will they work on the project? WHAT WILL YOU BE DOING? 195
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Writing A | Read the example. Answer the questions that follow. Tell a partner.
Tomorrow night, I will be studying for an exam. On Friday afternoon when classes end, I will be enjoying the start to the weekend. Some classmates and I are going out for coffee. Then I’m going to a movie with my brother Friday evening. Saturday afternoon, I will be running errands with my dad. We need to pick up supplies at the hardware store for a project we’re working on. Sunday afternoon, I will be watching the football game on TV. Then on Sunday evening, I’ll be doing my homework. When is the writer going out for coffee with friends?
•
Why does the writer need to go to the hardware store?
•
What will you be doing tomorrow at this time?
B|
Write about what you think you will be doing at the times noted below. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you.
•
Tomorrow at noon
•
Friday night at 7:00 pm
•
Saturday morning at 10:00 am
•
• Sunday evening at 5:00 pm • Monday morning at 8:00 am
EXPRESS YOURSELF!
because… I want to go shopping. we have tickets. we’ll be out late Frid ay night. it’s going to be a busy week.
I will be… town. taking a bus into ith friends. at a concert w ly. sleeping, probab or next getting ready f week.
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UNIT
20
BY THE TIME I'M 70
UNIT GOALS In this unit, you will practice the following: Vocabulary Future aspirations
Reading Amazing profiles
Conversation Talking about future aspirations
Listening People talking about plans for the future
Pronunciation Words with a glottal stop /ʔ/
Speaking Talking about your future aspirations
Grammar Future perfect
Writing Writing about what you will have done by this time next year 197
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Vocabulary | Future aspirations A|
Read. Make notes to understand the meanings. Then listen and practice. become a black belt in karate bought a more reliable car gotten a PhD gotten over my cold learned to speak English fluently saved enough money to retire upgraded to a new phone visited all seven continents voted in 12 presidential elections written a novel
B | Look at the pictures. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence. 1
By this time next year, my wife will have written a ____. a black belt b novel c PhD d short-term goal
2
I’m sure I’ll have ____ my cold before next weekend. a gone under b gone over c gotten under d gotten over
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3
After I go to Antarctica, I’ll have visited all seven ____. a conditions b contents c condiments d continents
5
I’ll have voted in 12 presidential ____ by the time I retire. a short-term goals b elections c electives d continents
7
By this time next year, I’ll have ____ to a new phone. a grown up b lined up c upgraded d aligned
4
By the time she graduates from college, she’ll have become a ____ in karate. a short-term goal b first base c black belt d home run
6
Will you have bought a more ____ car before starting your cross-country trip? a realistic b relevant c reliable d resourceful
8
Our daughter will have gotten a ____ by the end of next year. a PhD b Tsp. c Inc. d Corp. BY THE TIME I'M 70 199
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9
10
D|
I’ll have learned to speak English ____ before next winter. a fluently b resourcefully c reliably d respectively
Listen and practice saying the sentences in B.
Which of the things in A would you like to do someday? What do you need to do to help you achieve that goal? Tell a partner.
C|
Will you have ____ enough money to retire when you’re 65? a given b lost c thrown d saved
I would love to write a novel someday. I love reading science fiction books, and I have some ideas for a book of my own. Maybe I should take a writing class to help me learn how to start.
I’ve always dreamed of visiting all seven continents in the future. I’ve already visited two of them. I think I need to sit down and figure out how much money I need to save first.
200 UNIT 20
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Conversation A|
Read and listen to the conversation.
Cassie
Luis, are you OK? I have a cold. I’m OK, but I’m miserable.
Luis Cassie
You look miserable. Hey, can you believe that Mr. Miura is retiring?
Luis Cassie
He doesn’t look old enough to retire. He’s been with the company for 43 years. He’s definitely old enough.
Luis Cassie Luis Cassie
Well, I will have retired by the time I’m 50. That’s really young. Will you have saved enough money to retire by that time? Sure. I will have written a novel by my 25th birthday, and it will be very popular, of course. Of course. And I’m sure you will have received lots of money from it by the time you retire.
Luis Cassie
Exactly. What will you do if you haven’t made enough money to retire by then?
Luis Cassie
I just want to get over this cold! But you need a good plan.
Luis Cassie
You’re right. I need a good plan to get over this cold! I’m serious. By the time I’m 30, I will have gotten my PhD. And I will have become president of a university by the time I’m 40.
Luis
That does sound serious.
Cassie
So what will you do if your novel hasn’t been successful enough for you to retire by the time you’re 50?
Luis
I only have one plan right now. I will go home and drink lots of juice and get lots of rest.
Cassie
There you go. That’s a good plan.
Luis
Thank you! And I will have gotten over this cold by the weekend so I can start to write my novel.
B | Read the sentences. Write T (true) or F (false). 1 ____ Luis is retiring. 2 ____ Luis will have written a book by the time he is 25. 3 ____ Cassie will have made enough money to retire by the time she is 40. 4 ____ Luis's plan is to drink lots of juice and rest.
C | Practice the conversation with a partner. BY THE TIME I'M 70 201
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Pronunciation | Words with a glottal stop: /ʔ/ A|
Listen. Notice the pronunciation of the letters in bold. Then practice.
gotten
written
mountain
continents
B | Find more words with this sound. Practice.
Grammar | Future perfect A|
Read and listen to the grammar presentation. Statements By the time I’m 70, I will have retired and moved to Florida. I will have graduated from college by this time next year. By next Monday, I’ll have gotten back from my trip.
TIP Use the future perfect to talk about something that has or hasn’t already happened by a particular point in the future.
I will not have finished this book by next week. I won’t have quit my job by next month.
Questions and answers Will you have finished your report by next Monday?
Yes, I will. / No, I won't.
What will you have accomplished by the age of 70?
I will have traveled around the world.
B | Write the future perfect form of the verbs in parentheses. 1 John ________________________________ (buy) a house by this time next year. 2 Hana and James ________________________________ (not move) to South Korea by September. 3 By the time my mom retires, she ________________________________ (write) ten books. 4 By the time I’m 25 years old, I ________________________________ (not get) married. 5 By this time next week, I ________________________________ (start) my new job in Washington, DC. 6 Simon ________________________________ (pass) his driver’s test by the end of the day.
C | Look at the conversation on page 201. Underline all the examples of the future perfect. D|
What will or won’t you have done by the times below? Use the future perfect. Tell a partner.
•
by this time tomorrow
•
by tonight at 9 pm
•
by the start of next week
•
by the end of this year
By the end of this year, we’ll have finished building our new home. Hopefully we’ll have moved in by then.
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Reading A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. a natural ear for
IQ
adjunct professor
physician
applied chemistry
physics
calculus
prodigy
diapers
pursue
genius
surgery
B | Read the article.
Amazing profiles Do you remember what you liked to do when you were seven? You probably liked playing with your parents and friends. Well, Akrit Pran Jaswal was performing his first surgery. He wasn’t a doctor at the time, but he was already considered a medical genius. He started medical school at 12, and by age 17, he was pursuing a master’s degree in applied chemistry. He is India’s youngest physician and university graduate. Kim Ung-yong may be the smartest person alive today, and he’s been impressively smart since he was three years old. His IQ is 210. At age three, he was studying physics at Hanyang University. At four, he was able to read in several languages. At five, he was able to solve complex calculus problems. He got his PhD in physics at Colorado State University before he turned 15. He is now a professor at Shinhan University in South Korea. Akim Camara is a violin prodigy. He started playing the violin when he was two. He was still in diapers and had just started talking. When he started lessons, his teacher said that he had an amazing natural ear for music. He learned to play after only six months of training! His first performance was at age three at a Christmas concert. Today, Akim is in his 20s and is still playing the violin.
C | Read the sentences. Choose the correct person. 1
He performed surgery at seven.
Akrit Pran Jaswal / Kim Ung-yong / Akim Camara
2
He has a PhD in physics.
Akrit Pran Jaswal / Kim Ung-yong / Akim Camara
3
He was playing violin at age 2.
Akrit Pran Jaswal / Kim Ung-yong / Akim Camara
4
He has a master’s in applied chemistry.
Akrit Pran Jaswal / Kim Ung-yong / Akim Camara
5
He may be smartest person alive today.
Akrit Pran Jaswal / Kim Ung-yong / Akim Camara BY THE TIME I'M 70 203
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Listening A | Do you know the meaning of these words and phrases? If not, write their meanings. move out
astrophysicist
publish
black belt
tradition
B|
astronomy
Listen. Write the number of the speaker next to the correct picture.
C|
a ______
b ______
c ______
c ______
Listen again. Then choose the correct answers.
1 Anton wants to be ____.
5 Dante has always wanted to ____.
a a black belt
a get his black belt in karate
b an astrophysicist
b visit all seven continents
c a writer
c study astronomy
2 By the time he’s 30, Anton will have ____.
6 By the time he’s 55, Dante will have ____.
a retired so he can travel
a saved up enough money so he and his wife
b published his first novel
c gotten his PhD
b graduated with a degree in astrophysics
3 Aisha has always been interested in ____.
c visited all seven continents
a the stars
7 Keiko’s father and grandfather are both ____.
b karate
a novelists
c the seven continents
b black belts
4 By the time she’s 25, Aisha will have ____.
c astrophysicists
a published a novel
8 By the time she graduates, Keiko will have ____.
b visited all seven continents
a written a novel
c gotten a PhD
b visited all seven continents
can retire
c become a black belt in karate 204 UNIT 20
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Speaking Choose one of the topics. Prepare notes for your answer. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you prepare.
A|
Talk about what you will have done in the relatively near future.
Talk about what a friend or family member will have done at some point in the relatively far future.
OR
EXPRESS YOURSELF!
I will have already had dinner by the time I get home this evening.
My mom will have been a chemist for thirty years by the time she retires.
By the time my grandfather turns 80, he will have done a lot of traveling.
Talk about your topic with a partner. Ask your partner questions to get more information.
B|
By this time next month, I will have graduated from college with a degree in political science.
What will you do after you graduate?
Where will you have eaten?
Has he already done some traveling? BY THE TIME I'M 70 205
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Writing A | Read the example. Answer the questions that follow. Tell a partner.
By this time next year, I will have moved out of my parents’ house and into my own apartment. And I will have learned how to speak English even better than I do now! I will also have taken a trip to the United States. My friends and I already have our plane tickets. It’s going to be a great year! Where will the writer have moved to?
•
Why do you think the writer will have learned to speak English better?
•
What will you have done by this time next year?
B|
Write about what you will have done by this time next year. Use the information in EXPRESS YOURSELF to help you.
•
EXPRESS YOURSELF! I will have… for become an uncle the first time. paying gotten a better job.
And I will have… lost weight. gone backpacking a cross Europe.
I will also have… ts. paid off my deb r. gotten a new ca
206 UNIT 20
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Vocabulary | Circle the word or phrase that doesn’t belong in each group. 1
layover
fluently
airport
flight
2
recital
lecture
class
reliable
3
election
repaired
installed
replaced
4
efficient
project
intelligent
polite
5
serious
careful
closet
patient
6
knitting
karate
golf
fixed
7
babysit
tax
tip
money
8
nails
in-laws
teeth
hair
Grammar | Find the error. Write the correct sentence. 1 Could you tell me what time departs the train? ________________________________________________________________________________ 2 I don’t know if the museum be open today. ________________________________________________________________________________ 3 I try to work efficient every day. ________________________________________________________________________________ 4 Tammy sings well than a lot of people. ________________________________________________________________________________ 5 Ed runs the faster of everyone in the class. ________________________________________________________________________________ 6 It’s almost time to get cleaned my teeth. ________________________________________________________________________________ 7 This weekend, I’ll be clean out my closets. ________________________________________________________________________________ 8 Where will he be have lunch today? ________________________________________________________________________________ 9 By next Monday, I’ll have finish my project. ________________________________________________________________________________ 10 Will you have graduate by this time next year? ________________________________________________________________________________
Check Yourself | How well do you know it? Circle the correct rating for yourself. Units 16–20 Vocabulary
Units 16–20 Grammar
RE VIE W, AS SE SS, C ON N EC T & E X TEN D UNIT S 16–20
REVIEW, ASSESS, CONNECT & EXTEND
RACE 207
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RE VIEW, ASSESS, CONNECT & E X TEND UNIT S 16–20
REVIEW, ASSESS, CONNECT & EXTEND Two truths and a lie A | Complete the sentences based on the prompts in parentheses. Some information
should be true. Some information should be false (a lie). 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
My best friend ___________________ ___________________ than I do. (verb, comparative adverb) I ___________________ better than most of my friends. (verb) My ___________________ ___________________ the most ___________________ of everyone in my family. (relative, verb, adverb) I ___________________ the best of all the people in my family. (verb) I ___________________ every weekend. (causative verb phrase with get) I ___________________ at least once a month. (causative verb phrase with have) This weekend I ____________________________________. (verb phrase in future continuous) Next summer I ____________________________________. (verb phrase in future continuous) By next Monday, I ____________________________________. (verb phrase in future perfect) My best friend drives By this time next year, I ______________________ ___ more carefully than I do. ______________________________________. True! (verb phrase in future perfect)
B | Work in a group. Read two true statements and one lie about yourself. Your classmates will guess which statement is a lie.
Try it out A sk a classmate about what classes they’ll be taking next semester or next year. Talk about what you’ll be doing.
ou’re supposed to attend a meeting Y in an hour, but you’re not sure about the details. Email a co-worker and ask for information.
What classes will you be taking next semester? I’m planning to take more economics classes. I know what time the meeting starts, but I’m not sure where it is. Also, do you know if there’s anything I need to prepare? Thanks!
208 RACE
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND CREDITS Green Mountain Education would like to thank the following teachers, whose comments were extremely useful in developing Connected: • Dixie Santana, Universidad Panamericana Guadalajara • Sarah Brown, Instituto Tecnologico de Estudios Superiores de Occidente (ITESO) • Adelina Ruiz, Instituto Tecnologico de Estudios Superiores de Occidente (ITESO) The publisher also wishes to thank Sam Loose, without whose help this project could not have come to fruition. IMAGE CREDITS The following images are licensed from Shutterstock: Front cover Impact Photography; 1 cunaplus; 2 (1) Rob Hyrons; (2) buritora; 3 (3) Rommel Canlas; (4) Fotovika; (5) logoboom; (6) Brian A Jackson; (7) Blaj Gabriel; (8) Phovoir; (9) godshutter; (10) Andrey_Popov; (11) ThamKC; Bottom Bilanol; 4 TK Kurikawa; 5 left Antonio Guillem; center Halfpoint; right Prostock-studio; 6 top left LumineImages; top center SpeedKingz; top right CREATISTA; bottom CREATISTA; 7 sirtravelalot; 8 (a) Selecstock; (b) Aila Images; (c) Luis Molinero; (d) ArtFamily; 9 TL fizkes; TR WAYHOME studio; BL Prostockstudio; BR Blue Planet Studio; 10 Top Peter Gudella; (1) szefei; (2) Helioscribe; (3) oneinchpunch; 11 Chinnapong; 12 (1) Stuart Jenner; (2) Adisa; (3) NakoPhotography; (4) Sahacha Nilkumhang; (5) Halfpoint; 13 (1) Minerva Studio; (2) ronstik; (3) kazoka; (4) stockfour; (5) ZouZou; (6) Tyler Olson; 14 (7) wavebreakmedia; (8) Adriano Castelli; (9) Take A Pix Media; (10) ESB Professional; (11) Maridav; (12) OlegD; (13) Ariwasabi; (14) ESB Professional; bottom bluedog studio; 15 fizkes; 16 Rocketclips, Inc; 17 top Sergey Nivens; bottom Iakov Filimonov; 18 (a) michaeljung; (b) Dragon Images; (c) ESB Professional; (d) German Gonzalez Stock; 19 TL nd3000; TR Alena Ozerova; BL illpaxphotomatic; BR Allexxandar; 20 Top Lucky Business; (1) jamesteohart; (2) ilozavr; (3) Rawpixel.com; 21 J2R; 22 (1) Illustratorstock; (2) RuthChoi; 23 (3) gyn9037; (4) lcdpstock; (5) Fenton one; (6) dvoevnore; (7) Shaiith; (8) Kamira; (9) Patricia Hofmeester; (10) Oleg GawriloFF; 24 (11) Andronos Haris; (12) wavebreakmedia; (13) Shane Gross; (14) Aneese; (15) Yurchyks; bottom left ismel leal pichs; bottom right Rena Schild; 25 Photographee.eu; 26 Syda Productions; 27 top Petia_is; center Ttstudio; bottom Kiev.Victor; 28 (a) Denise Andersen; (b) Pete Saloutos; (c) Juan Aunion; (d) benik.at; 29 TL aceshot1; TR Donatas Dabravolskas; BL neftali; BR Justin Black; 30 Top LightField Studios; (1) Scharfsinn; (2) Marc Bruxelle; (3) mariva2017; 31 Africa Studio; 32 (1) sirtravelalot; (2) riekephotos; (3) Vibrant Image Studio; (4) wheatley; 33 (5) Africa Studio; (6) Africa Studio; (7) 7505811966; (8) Andrey_Popov; (9) Phase4Studios; (10) trekandshoot; bottom left taniavolobueva; bottom right Syda Productions; 34 Andrey_Popov; 35 trekandshoot; 36 Snapic_PhotoProduction; 37 gorillaimages; 38 (a) Ralf Maassen (DTEurope); (b) Elnur; (c) sirtravelalot; (d) Monkey Business Images; 39 TL Andrey_Popov; TR Javier Brosch; BL Motortion Films; BR Olena Hromova; 40 Top Ruth Black; (1) Micro Vovk; (2) file404; (3) YAKOBCHUK VIACHESLAV; 41 SMEEitz; 42 (1) PR Image Factory; (2) CREATISTA; 43 (3) ESB Professional; (4) Tyler Olson; (5) Andy Dean Photography; (6) Kawin Ounprasertsuk; (7) Tero Vesalainen; (8) stockfour; 44 (9) Andrii Symonenko; (10) Kzenon; bottom left Ariwasabi; bottom right Zivica Kerkez; 45 Daniel M Ernst; 46 George Rudy; 47 Tuzemka; 48 (a) Jason Stitt; (b) Imcsike; (c) Skripnik Olga; (d) Sam Wordley; 49 TL Maridav; TR Luca Santilli; BL Everyonephoto Studio; BR Nomad_Soul; 50 Top LittlePigPower; (1) panuwat phimpha; (2) Rawpixel.com; (3) Jackhallz; 52 top pathdoc; bottom left Vladimir Trynkalo; bottom right Daxiao Productions; 53 Damir Khabirov; 54 (1) elbud; (2) Georgejmclittle; (3) Kartinkin77; (4) foxaon1987; 55 (5) Fergus Coyle; (6) Antonio Guillem; (7) Arts Illustrated Studios; (8) Roman Samborskyi; (9) Mangostar; (10) Andrey_Popov; Bottom jevelin; 56 Rawpixel.com; 57 Left Denis Torkhov; Center tommaso79; Right TanyaShi; 58 ApinBen4289; 59 zieusin; 60 (a) Esphotography; (b) Olena Zaskochenko; (c) wavebreakmedia; (d) Khakimullin Aleksandr; 61 TL RossHelen; TR Willem Havenaar; BL Martin Gardeazabal; BR GaudiLab; 62 Top BlueSkyImage; (1) antoniodiaz; (2) NadyaEugene; (3) Pormezz; 63 Twinsterphoto; 64 (1) seyomedo; (2) Milkovasa; 65 (3) stockyimages; (4) SeventyFour; (5) YAKOBCHUK VIACHESLAV; (6) Cgissemann; (7) Tupungato; (8) nazarovsergey; 66 (9) Maxisport; (10) Rawpixel.com; bottom left LElik83; bottom right Anne Kitzman; 67 guruXOX; 68 PotapovAlexandr; 69 Kinga; 70 (a) sirtravelalot; (b) William Perugini; (c) AshTproductions; (d) Syda Productions; 71 TL f11photo; TR Evgeny Litvinov; BL Syda Productions; BR Alejandro Camacho B; 72 Top Alf Ribeiro; (1) Monkey Business Images; (2) mimagephotography; (3) Rawpixel.com; 73 Robert Kneschke; 74 (1) Ugorenkov Aleksandr; (2) nguyen trung tin; 75 (3) Marko Poplasen; (4) gualtiero boffi; (5) pathdoc; (6) antpkr; (7) CREATISTA; (8) Shane Gross; 76 (9) Riccardo Piccinini; (10) Monkey Business Images; bottom left Algonga; bottom right faestock; 77 Zoriana Zaitseva; 78 top left Bogicevic; top center AS photo studio; top right Fer Gregory; bottom Rocketclips, Inc.; 79 Patpong Sirikul; 80 (a) Phovoir; (b) Photobac; (c) Feel Photo Art; (d) Ljupco Smokovski; 81 TL AshTproductions; TR GOLFX; BL AshTproductions; BR Andy Dean Photography; 82 Top stockphoto for you; (1) Angelika Smile; (2) Cineberg; 83 Dragon Images; 84 (1) viennetta; (2) zulufoto; 85 (3) Monkey Business Images; (4) Pavel L Photo and Video; (5) Spiroview Inc; (6) Phovoir; (7) alexvav; (8) Serhii Bobyk; 86 (9) PhotoItaliaStudio; (10) Dustie; bottom left Bigone; bottom right pyrozhenka; 87 IRIS Productions; 88 ultramansk; 89 top Ruslan Huzau; bottom LStockStudio; 90 (a) magicinfoto; (b) Elena Ray; (c) stockfour; (d) Iakov Filimonov; 91 TL Pozdeyev Vitaly; TR Chase Dekker; BL WagnerWehlingPhotography; BR Tom Wang; 92 Top DGLimages; (1) Run always; (2) Soloviova Liudmyla; (3) Alicia G. Monedero; 93 Bernhard Staehli; 94 (1) Blanscape; (2) kyslynskahal; (3) Robert Lucian Crusitu; (4) Mark Schwettmann; 95 (5) Barnaby Chambers; (6) elwynn; (7) Richard Whitcombe; (8) FloridaStock; (9) S.Borisov; (10) mjaud; bottom sima; 96 Mangostar; 97 Vlad Teodor; 98 top left Christian Roberts-Olsen top center Rich Carey; top right Richard Whitcombe; bottom Roman Samborskyi; 99 top Alison Hancock; center Diyana Dimitrova; bottom Tusumaru; 100 (a) goodluz; (b) l i g h t p o e t; (c) file404; (d) Doin; 101 TL Michael Wick; TR Ihor Serdyukov; BL Smile Fight; BR Ken Griffiths; 102 Top Geoffrey Kuchera; (1) trekandshoot; (2) Sunflowerey; 104 (1) UNIKYLUCKK; (2) Rawpixel.com; (3) Adam Gregor; (4) Krakenimages.com; bottom left fizkes; bottom right kurhan; 105 PKpix; 106 (1) stockphoto mania; (2) Jorge Salcedo; 107 (3) viki2win; (4) ESB Professional; (5) Adam Gregor; (6) lunamarina; (7) Andrei Nekrassov; (8) YanLev; 108 (9) goodluz; (10) ESB Professional; bottom left baranq; bottom right BrandonKleinVideo; 109 Dean Drobot; 110 Yuganov Konstantin; 111 GaudiLab; 112 (a) Creativa Images; (b) Paul Vasarhelyi; (c) Corepics VOF; (d) Minerva Studio; 113 TL Africa Studio; TR Monkey Business Images; BL Radovan1; BR George Rudy; 114 Top Vastram; (1) Twinsterphoto; (2) Nomad_Soul; (3) Joshua Resnick; 115 Aleksei Buravtsov; 116 (1) Monkey Business Images; (2) ID1974; 117 (3) Andrey_Popov; (4) Dudarev Mikhail; (5) Khakimullin Aleksandr; (6) michaeljung; (7) homydesign; (8) Kzenon; 118 (9) sirtravelalot; (10) Jasminko Ibrakovic; bottom left Prostock-studio; bottom right Vgstockstudio; 119 Mangostar; 120 New Africa; 121 top Nejron Photo; bottom Dmitri Ma; 122 (a) Felix Mizioznikov; (b) Vladimir Gjorgiev; (c) Halfpoint; (d) Luca Santilli; 123 TL metamorworks; TR AJR_photo; BL Alba
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Picado; BR stockphoto-graf; 124 Top Milles Studio; (1) verbaska; (2) Huy Thoai; (3) Mircea Moira; 125 Jim Lambert; 126 (1) littlenySTOCK; (2) criben; 127 (3) michaeljung; (4) improvize; (5) Andrey_Popov; (6) Eric Limon; (7) quka; (8) hxdbzxy; 128 (9) claudio zaccherini; (10) Anton Violin; bottom left Sergey STC; bottom right kudla; 129 Jacob Lund; 130 Girts Ragelis; 131 joshya; 132 (a) wavebreakmedia; (b) Robert Kneschke; (c) George Dolgikh; (d) StockLite; 133 TL Sabira Dewji; TR emilyyya; BL Monkey Business Images; BR Fabien Monteil; 134 Top Steve Skjold; (1) GaudiLab; (2) baibaz; (3) weddingvideothailand; 135 eggeegg; 136 (1) Dan Kosmayer; (2) Leszek Glasner; 137 (3) vichie81; (4) ArtFamily; (5) Anton Gvozdikov; (6) Sabphoto; (7) igorstevanovic; (8) WAYHOME studio; 138 (9) Annette Shaff; (10) Stokkete; bottom left aslysun; bottom right Antonio Guillem; 139 mentatdgt; 140 Jelena Aloskina; 141 chuckstock; 142 (a) Slatan; (b) Dragon Images; (c) Comaniciu Dan; (d) Tom Wang; 143 TL FrameStockFootages; TR Sam Wordley; BL Kristi Blokhin; BR vimolsiri.s; 144 Top Rawpixel. com; (1) fizkes; (2) Tom Wang; (3) Mangostar; 145 J.Robert Williams; 146 (1) goodluz; (2) Sorbis; (3) Songquan Deng; (4) Rtimages; 147 (5) sirtravelalot; (6) Keith Gentry; (7) bibiphoto; (8) Minerva Studio; (9) Tyler Olson; (10) angelo gilardelli; bottom sirtravelalot; 148 fizkes; 149 left Prostock-studio; center fizkes; right Dragon Images; 150 Noppadon stocker; 151 Syda Productions; 152 (a) Prostock-studio; (b) wavebreakmedia; (c) Air Images; (d) Goran Bogicevic; 153 TL Theera Disayarat; TR wattana racha; BL Roman Kosolapov; BR SeventyFour; 154 Top Alexandr Grant; (1) Rawpixel.com; (2) Shift Drive; (3) fizkes; 156 bottom left Antonio Guillem; bottom right leungchopan; 157 Rawpixel.com; 158 (1) Vacclav; (2) fiphoto; 159 (3) 1000 Words; (4) MJTH; (5) Maxx-Studio; (6) otnaydur; (7) Pavel L Photo and Video; (8) zhu difeng; 160 (9) Trudy Wilkerson; (10) Tomislav Pinter; bottom left Luis Molinero; bottom right ZephyrMedia; 161 Robert Kneschke; 162 Rommel Canlas; 163 Sean Locke Photography; 164 (a) javi_indy; (b) XiXinXing; (c) Sam Wordley; (d) Take A Pix Media; 165 TL PR Image Factory; TR Rrraum; BL rawf8; BR Rob Wilson; 166 Top David Spates; (1) Henryk Sadura; (2) kwanchai.c; (3) Ken Durden; 167 Opsorman; 168 (1) Milles Studio; (2) AJR_photo; (3) imtmphoto; (4) Ollyy; 169 (5) Tom Wang; (6) Monkey Business Images; (7) Arjuna Kodisinghe; (8) stockfour; (9) Vasyl Shulga; (10) Gemenacom; bottom fizkes; 170 fizkes; 171 left fizkes; center Photographee.eu; right GaudiLab; 172 top left fizkes; top center Photographee.eu; top right Visun Khankasem; bottom hedgehog94; 173 ProStockStudi; 174 (a) CREATISTA; (b) Iakov Filimonov; (c) CREATISTA; (d) Dragon Images; 175 TL fizkes; TR fizkes; BL tommaso79; BR Tero Vesalainen; 176 Top Rawpixel.com; (1) WAYHOME studio; (2) Syda Productions; (3) fizkes; 177 conejota; 178 (1) pikselstock; (2) Ensuper; 179 (3) Sergey Nivens; (4) wavebreakmedia; (5) Tyler Olson; (6) JaneHYork; (7) sirtravelalot; (8) goodluz; 180 (9) Ljupco Smokovski; (10) Milkovasa; bottom left Friends Stock; bottom right maxbelchenko; 181 Spaskov; 182 Syda Productions; 183 Lisa-S; 184 (a) Tyler Olson; (b) Jason Salmon; (c) WAYHOME studio; (d) Milles Studio; 185 TL Jacob Lund; TR nhungboon; BL Geo Martinez; BR IMG_191; 186 Top Sappasit; (1) 06photo; (2) Monkey Business Images; 187 Zivica Kerkez; 188 (1) Sean Locke Photography; (2) Stephen Coburn; 189 (3) wavebreakmedia; (4) Erlo Brown; (5) Dmytro Zinkevych; (6) varandah; (7) SIHASAKPRACHUM; (8) Jack.Q; 190 (9) Jacob Lund; (10) LumineImages; bottom left Zivica Kerkez; bottom right gpointstudio; 191 merzzie; 192 Drazen Zigic; 193 Nicoleta Ionescu; 194 (a) Monkey Business Images; (b) Shyntartanya; (c) Dragon Images; (d) imtmphoto; 195 TL nd3000; TR Andy Dean Photography; BL Prostock-studio; BR Roman Samborskyi; 196 Top stockfour; (1) Roman Rvachov; (2) antoniodiaz; 197 Rawpixel.com; 198 (1) Monkey Business Images; (2) Chamille White; 199 (3) Steve Allen; (4) Lipik Stock Media; (5) Rob Crandall; (6) Joe Belanger; (7) Cincila; (8) sixninepixels; 200 (9) JPC-PROD; (10) EKS design; bottom left ismel leal pichs; bottom right Rena Schild; 201 fizkes; 202 Air Images; 203 top Pressmaster; center kobkik; bottom Mike Flippo; 204 (a) Prostock-studio; (b) Dean Drobot; (c) szefei; (d) violetblue; 205 TL Monkey Business Images; TR Dejan Dundjerski; BL Nestor Rizhniak; BR Olena Yakobchuk; 206 Top Krakenimages.com; (1) Monkey Business Images; (2) franz12; (3) Rido; 208 Top AT Production; Bottom left Take A Pix Media; Bottom right New Africa All other images are property of Green Mountain Education. All rights reserved.
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A1
CONNECTED 2
A2
CONNECTED 3
B1
CONNECTED 4
B2
CONNECTED 5
B2+
CONNECTED 6
C1
Christopher Wenger
CONNECTED 1
CONNECTED is a six-level General English course taking young adult/adult learners from Beginner to Advanced levels (CEFR: A1 to C1). • Get motivated through frequent personalization of target language points, personal learning paths, and self-assessment of progress toward your goals. • Maximize your classroom time learning English with lexical support in your first language and logs for you to record and build on the language you want to use. • Join the community with the Connected online platform, an online community for you to extend your practice of English and for instructors to develop and share their skills in teaching with the series. CONNECTED Components • Student Book
• Teacher's Guide
• Workbook
• Assessment
• Online Workbook Plus
• Split Combo Editions
CONNECTED ONLINE www.greenmountaineducation.com/Connected Student Site
Teacher Site
• Pronunciation Audio
• Basecamp Training Videos and Blog
• Connected Videos
• Student Book and Assessment Audio
• Lexical Lists
• Video Scripts and Worksheets
• Personal Path Tools
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